0001713683-19-000030 | 10-K | XBRL Viewer

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Document and Entity Information - USD ($) $ in Billions	12 Months Ended
Document and Entity Information - USD ($) $ in Billions	Jul. 31, 2019	Aug. 30, 2019	Jan. 31, 2019
Cover page.
Entity Central Index Key	0001713683
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--07-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2019
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Amendment Flag	false
Document Type	10-K
Document Annual Report	true
Document Period End Date	Jul. 31, 2019
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-38413
Entity Registrant Name	ZSCALER, INC.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	26-1173892
Entity Address, Address Line One	110 Rose Orchard Way
Entity Address, City or Town	San Jose
Entity Address, State or Province	CA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	95134
City Area Code	408
Local Phone Number	533-0288
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, $0.001 Par Value
Trading Symbol	ZS
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	Yes
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Public Float			$ 2.8
Shares Outstanding		127,454,926
Documents Incorporated by Reference	Portions of the registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement relating to its 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K where indicated. Such Proxy Statement will be filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year to which this Annual Report on Form 10-K relates.

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jul. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2018
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 78,484	$ 135,579
Short-term investments	286,162	162,960
Accounts receivable, net	93,341	61,611
Deferred contract acquisition costs	21,219	16,136
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	16,880	10,878
Total current assets	496,086	387,164
Property and equipment, net	41,046	19,765
Deferred contract acquisition costs, noncurrent	48,566	39,774
Acquired intangible assets, net	8,708	0
Goodwill	7,479	0
Other noncurrent assets	2,277	1,078
Total assets	604,162	447,781
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	6,208	4,895
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	12,810	13,874
Accrued compensation	21,544	23,393
Deferred revenue	221,387	140,670
Total current liabilities	261,949	182,832
Deferred revenue, noncurrent	29,815	23,353
Other noncurrent liabilities	3,840	1,360
Total liabilities	295,604	207,545
Commitments and contingencies (Note 7)
Stockholders’ Equity
Preferred stock; $0.001 par value; 200,000 shares authorized as of July 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively; no shares issued and outstanding as of July 31, 2019 and 2018	0	0
Common stock; $0.001 par value; 1,000,000 shares authorized as of July 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively; 127,253 and 119,764 shares issued and outstanding as of July 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively	127	119
Additional paid-in capital	532,618	438,392
Notes receivable from stockholders	0	(2,051)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	268	(124)
Accumulated deficit	(224,455)	(196,100)
Total stockholders’ equity	308,558	240,236
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$ 604,162	$ 447,781

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Jul. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2018
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	200,000	200,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	1,000,000	1,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	127,253	119,764
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	127,253	119,764

Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2018	Jul. 31, 2017
Income Statement [Abstract]
Revenue	$ 302,836	$ 190,174	$ 125,717
Cost of revenue	59,669	37,875	27,472
Gross profit	243,167	152,299	98,245
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing	169,913	116,409	79,236
Research and development	61,969	39,379	33,561
General and administrative	46,598	31,135	20,521
Total operating expenses	278,480	186,923	133,318
Loss from operations	(35,313)	(34,624)	(35,073)
Interest income, net	7,730	2,236	597
Other income (expense), net	(329)	79	(107)
Loss before income taxes	(27,912)	(32,309)	(34,583)
Provision for income taxes	743	1,337	877
Net loss	(28,655)	(33,646)	(35,460)
Accretion of Series C and D redeemable convertible preferred stock	0	(6,332)	(9,570)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$ (28,655)	$ (39,978)	$ (45,030)
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.23)	$ (0.63)	$ (1.54)
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted (in shares)	123,566	63,881	29,221

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2018	Jul. 31, 2017
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net loss	$ (28,655)	$ (33,646)	$ (35,460)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Unrealized net gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities	392	(124)	0
Other comprehensive income (loss)	392	(124)	0
Comprehensive loss	$ (28,263)	$ (33,770)	$ (35,460)

- Definition

The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.

+ References + Details

Consolidated Statements of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock	Additional Paid-In Capital	Notes Receivable From Stockholders	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Accumulated Deficit
Redeemable convertible preferred stock, beginning balance (in shares) at Jul. 31, 2016	72,501,000
Redeemable convertible preferred stock, beginning balance at Jul. 31, 2016	$ 191,407
Increase (Decrease) in Temporary Equity [Roll Forward]
Accretion of Series C and D redeemable convertible preferred stock	$ 9,570
Redeemable convertible preferred stock, ending balance (in shares) at Jul. 31, 2017	72,501,000
Redeemable convertible preferred stock, ending balance at Jul. 31, 2017	$ 200,977
Common stock, beginning balance (in shares) at Jul. 31, 2016		30,331,000
Beginning balance at Jul. 31, 2016	(124,740)	$ 16	$ 11,714	$ (9,914)	$ 0	$ (126,556)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Accretion of Series C and D redeemable convertible preferred stock	(9,570)		(9,570)
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options (in shares)		1,347,000
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options	2,971	$ 1	2,970
Issuance of common stock related to early exercised stock options (in shares)		781,000
Issuance of common stock related to early exercised stock options	0
Repurchases of unvested common stock (in shares)		(100,000)
Repurchases of unvested common stock	263			263
Repayments of notes receivable from stockholders	1,856			1,856
Accrued interest on notes receivable from stockholders, net of repayments	(83)			(83)
Vesting of early exercised stock options	3,702	$ 1	3,701
Stock-based compensation	9,919		9,919
Net loss	(35,460)					(35,460)
Unrealized net gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities, net of tax	0
Common stock, ending balance (in shares) at Jul. 31, 2017		32,359,000
Ending balance at Jul. 31, 2017	(151,142)	$ 18	18,734	(7,878)	0	(162,016)
Increase (Decrease) in Temporary Equity [Roll Forward]
Accretion of Series C and D redeemable convertible preferred stock	$ 6,332
Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock to common stock upon initial public offering (in shares)	(72,501,000)
Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock to common stock upon initial public offering	$ (207,309)
Redeemable convertible preferred stock, ending balance (in shares) at Jul. 31, 2018	0
Redeemable convertible preferred stock, ending balance at Jul. 31, 2018	$ 0
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Accretion of Series C and D redeemable convertible preferred stock	(6,332)		(6,332)
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options (in shares)		1,712,000
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options	4,985	$ 2	4,983
Issuance of common stock related to early exercised stock options (in shares)		180,000
Issuance of common stock related to early exercised stock options	0
Repurchases of unvested common stock (in shares)		(788,000)
Repurchases of unvested common stock	214			214
Repayments of notes receivable from stockholders	5,346			5,346
Accrued interest on notes receivable from stockholders, net of repayments	267			267
Vesting of early exercised stock options	3,255	$ 12	3,243
Stock-based compensation	11,224		11,224
Net loss	(33,646)					(33,646)
Issuance of common stock upon initial public offering, net of underwriting discounts of $15,456 and issuance costs of $6,164 (in shares)		13,800,000
Issuance of common stock upon initial public offering, net of underwriting discounts of $15,456 and issuance costs of $6,164	198,880	$ 14	198,866
Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock to common stock upon initial public offering (in shares)		72,501,000
Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock to common stock upon initial public offering	207,309	$ 73	207,236
Unrealized net gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities, net of tax	$ (124)				(124)
Common stock, ending balance (in shares) at Jul. 31, 2018	119,764	119,764,000
Ending balance at Jul. 31, 2018	$ 240,236	$ 119	438,392	(2,051)	(124)	(196,100)
Redeemable convertible preferred stock, ending balance (in shares) at Jul. 31, 2019	0
Redeemable convertible preferred stock, ending balance at Jul. 31, 2019	$ 0
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options (in shares)	6,277,000	6,277,000
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options	$ 29,862	$ 7	29,855
Repurchases of unvested common stock (in shares)		(8,000)
Repurchases of unvested common stock	0
Repayments of notes receivable from stockholders	1,905			1,905
Accrued interest on notes receivable from stockholders, net of repayments	146			146
Vesting of early exercised stock options	983		983
Stock-based compensation	46,953		46,953
Net loss	(28,655)					(28,655)
Issuance of common stock under the employee stock purchase plan (in shares)		1,131,000
Issuance of common stock under the employee stock purchase plan	16,436	$ 1	16,435
Vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)		89,000
Vesting of restricted stock units	0
Adjustment to initial public offering costs	300		300
Unrealized net gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities, net of tax	$ 392				392
Common stock, ending balance (in shares) at Jul. 31, 2019	127,253	127,253,000
Ending balance at Jul. 31, 2019	$ 308,558	$ 127	$ 532,618	$ 0	$ 268	$ (224,455)

Consolidated Statements of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Jul. 31, 2018
Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Payments for underwriting expense	$ 15,500	$ 15,456
Issuance costs	$ 6,200	$ 6,164

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2018	Jul. 31, 2017
Cash Flows From Operating Activities
Net loss	$ (28,655)	$ (33,646)	$ (35,460)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization expense	10,398	7,988	6,840
Amortization expense of acquired intangible assets	908	0	0
Amortization of deferred contract acquisition costs	18,651	13,181	8,474
Stock-based compensation expense	46,423	11,224	9,919
Deferred income taxes	(1,392)	0	0
Accretion of purchased discounts, net of amortization of investment premiums	(2,181)	0	0
Other	284	130	(89)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects of business acquisitions:
Accounts receivable	(31,730)	(22,559)	(14,563)
Deferred contract acquisition costs	(32,526)	(34,429)	(21,999)
Prepaid expenses, other current and noncurrent assets	(7,642)	(5,068)	(2,718)
Accounts payable	495	(779)	2,249
Accrued expenses, other current and noncurrent liabilities	(336)	2,076	5,376
Accrued compensation	(1,849)	11,785	5,246
Deferred revenue	87,179	67,404	30,706
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	58,027	17,307	(6,019)
Cash Flows From Investing Activities
Purchases of property, equipment and other	(25,520)	(13,397)	(7,783)
Capitalized internal-use software	(3,162)	(1,773)	(391)
Acquired intangible assets	(1,480)	0	0
Payments for business acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(11,432)	0	0
Purchases of short-term investments	(335,186)	(163,366)	0
Proceeds from maturities of short-term investments	199,716	433	0
Proceeds from sale of short-term investments	14,990	0	0
Net cash used in investing activities	(162,074)	(178,103)	(8,174)
Cash Flows From Financing Activities
Proceeds from initial public offering, net of underwriting discounts and commissions	0	205,344	0
Payments of offering costs related to initial public offering	(1,797)	(4,336)	(31)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options	29,862	4,985	2,971
Proceeds from issuance of common stock related to early exercised stock options	0	869	4,701
Proceeds from issuance of common stock under the employee stock purchase plan	16,436	0	0
Repurchases of unvested common stock	(22)	(3,811)	0
Repayments of notes receivable from stockholders	1,905	5,346	1,856
Net cash provided by financing activities	46,384	208,397	9,497
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(57,663)	47,601	(4,696)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	136,147	88,546	93,242
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	78,484	136,147	88,546
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information:
Cash paid for income taxes, net of tax refunds	1,770	870	385
Supplemental Disclosure of Noncash Investing and Financing Activities:
Net change in purchased equipment included in accounts payable and accrued expenses	2,911	(537)	746
Accretion of Series C and D redeemable convertible preferred stock	0	6,332	9,570
Repurchases of unvested common stock by cancellation of indebtedness	0	214	263
Vesting of early exercised common stock options	983	3,255	3,702
Net change in deferred offering costs accrued	(2,097)	940	1,157
Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock to common stock	0	207,309	0
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$ 78,484	$ 88,546	$ 93,242

Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2019

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Business

Zscaler, Inc. ("Zscaler," the "Company," "we," "us," or "our") is a cloud security company that developed a platform incorporating core security functionalities needed to enable users to safely utilize authorized applications and services based on an organization’s policies. Our solution is a purpose-built, multi-tenant, distributed cloud security platform that secures access for users and devices to applications and services, regardless of location. We deliver our solutions using a software-as-a-service ("SaaS") business model and sell subscriptions to customers to access our cloud platform, together with related support services. We were incorporated in Delaware in September 2007 and conduct business worldwide, with presence in North America, Europe and Asia. Our headquarters are located in San Jose, California.

Reverse Stock Split

In March 2018, our board of directors approved an amendment to the Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation effecting a 2-for-3 reverse stock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding shares of common stock and convertible preferred stock. The reverse stock split was effected on March 1, 2018. The par value of the common stock and the convertible preferred stock was not adjusted as a result of the reverse stock split. All issued and outstanding share and per share amounts included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements have been adjusted to reflect this reverse stock split for all periods presented.

Initial Public Offering

In March 2018, we completed our initial public offering ("IPO") of common stock, in which we sold 13,800,000 shares. The shares were sold at an IPO price of $16.00 per share for net proceeds of $205.3 million, after deducting underwriters' discounts and commissions of $15.5 million. In connection with the IPO, we incurred offering costs of $6.2 million which were recorded within stockholders’ equity (deficit) as a reduction of the net proceeds received from the IPO. Immediately prior to the closing of the IPO, all our outstanding shares of convertible preferred stock were automatically converted into 72,500,750 shares of common stock on a one-to-one basis.

Fiscal Year

Our fiscal year ends on July 31. References to fiscal 2019, for example, refer to our fiscal year ended July 31, 2019.

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries and have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("U.S. GAAP"). All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and disclosed in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Such estimates include, but are not limited to, the determination of revenue recognition, deferred revenue, deferred contract acquisition costs, the period of benefit generated from our deferred contract acquisition costs,

allowance for doubtful accounts, valuation of stock-based awards, useful lives of property and equipment and acquired intangible assets, fair value of acquired intangible assets and goodwill, legal contingencies and valuation of deferred tax assets. Management determines these estimates and assumptions on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable. Actual results could differ significantly from these estimates, and such differences may be material to our consolidated financial statements.

Foreign Currency

The functional currency of our foreign subsidiaries is the U.S. dollar. Accordingly, monetary assets and liabilities of our foreign subsidiaries are re-measured into U.S. dollars at the exchange rates in effect at the reporting date, non-monetary assets and liabilities are re-measured at historical rates, revenue and expenses are re-measured at average exchange rates in effect during each reporting period. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are recorded in other income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of operations. We recognized re-measurement losses of $0.3 million, $0.1 million and $0.1 million for fiscal 2019, fiscal 2018 and fiscal 2017, respectively.

JOBS Act Extended Transition Period

As a result of the market value of our common stock held by our non-affiliates as of January 31, 2019, we ceased to be an “emerging growth company” ("EGC"), as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the "JOBS Act"), with our transition to a large accelerated filer status as of July 31, 2019. As an EGC, we elected not to avail ourselves of the extended transition periods available for complying with new or revised accounting pronouncements applicable to public companies that are not emerging growth companies. Accordingly, the transition to a large accelerated filer did not have an impact to our consolidated financial statements.

Concentration of Risks

We generate revenue primarily from sale of subscriptions to access our cloud platform, together with related support services. Our sales team, along with our channel partner network of global telecommunications service providers, system integrators and value-added resellers (collectively "channel partners"), sells our services worldwide to organizations of all sizes. Due to the nature of our services and the terms and conditions of our contracts with our channel partners, our business could be affected unfavorably if we are not able to continue our relationships with them.

Our financial instruments that are exposed to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments and accounts receivable. Although we deposit our cash with multiple financial institutions, the deposits, at times, may exceed federally insured limits. Cash equivalents and short-term investments consist of highly liquid investments in money market funds, U.S. treasury, U.S. agency securities and corporate debt securities, which are invested through financial institutions in the United States.

We grant credit to our customers in the normal course of business. We monitor the financial condition of our customers to reduce credit risk.

The following table summarizes the concentration of 10% or more of the total balance of accounts receivable, net:


	July 31,
	2019		2018
Channel partner A	12	%	*
Channel partner B	11	%	13	%
Channel partner C	10	%	13	%

_____

* Represents less than 10%.

No single customer accounted for 10% or more of revenue in fiscal 2019, fiscal 2018 and fiscal 2017.

Segment Information

We operate as one reportable and operating segment. Our chief operating decision maker is our chief executive officer, who reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of making operating decisions, assessing financial performance and allocating resources.

Revenue Recognition

We have adopted Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 606, Revenue From Contracts With Customers ("ASC 606"), effective as of August 1, 2017, using the full retrospective transition method. Under this method, we are presenting the consolidated financial statements for fiscal 2017, as if ASC 606 had been effective for that period as well.

In accordance with ASC 606, revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised services. The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration that we expect to be entitled to receive in exchange for these services. To achieve the core principle of this standard, we apply the following five steps:

1) Identify the contract with a customer

We consider the terms and conditions of the contracts and our customary business practices in identifying our contracts under ASC 606. We determine we have a contract with a customer when the contract is approved, we can identify each party’s rights regarding the services to be transferred, we can identify the payment terms for the services, we have determined the customer has the ability and intent to pay and the contract has commercial substance. We apply judgment in determining the customer’s ability and intent to pay, which is based on a variety of factors, including the customer’s historical payment experience or, in the case of a new customer, credit and financial information pertaining to the customer.

2) Identify the performance obligations in the contract

Performance obligations promised in a contract are identified based on the services that will be transferred to the customer that are both capable of being distinct, whereby the customer can benefit from the service either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available from third parties or from us, and are distinct in the context of the contract, whereby the transfer of the services is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract. Our performance obligations consist of (i) our subscription and support services and (ii) professional and other services.

3) Determine the transaction price

The transaction price is determined based on the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for transferring services to the customer. Variable consideration is included in the transaction price if, in our judgment, it is probable that a significant future reversal of cumulative revenue under the contract will not occur. None of our contracts contain a significant financing component.

4) Allocate the transaction price to performance obligations in the contract

If the contract contains a single performance obligation, the entire transaction price is allocated to the single performance obligation. Contracts that contain multiple performance obligations require an allocation of the transaction price to each performance obligation based on a relative standalone selling price ("SSP").

5) Recognize revenue when or as we satisfy a performance obligation

Revenue is recognized at the time the related performance obligation is satisfied by transferring the promised service to a customer. Revenue is recognized when control of the services is transferred to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration that we expect to receive in exchange for those services. We generate all our revenue from contracts with customers and apply judgment in identifying and evaluating any terms and conditions in contracts which may impact revenue recognition.

Subscription and Support Revenue

We generate revenue primarily from sales of subscriptions to access our cloud platform, together with related support services to our customers. Arrangements with customers do not provide the customer with the right to take possession of our software operating our cloud platform at any time. Instead, customers are granted continuous access to our cloud platform over the contractual period. A time-elapsed output method is used to measure progress because we transfer control evenly over the contractual period. Accordingly, the fixed consideration related to subscription and support revenue is generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the contract term beginning on the date that our service is made available to the customer.

The typical subscription and support term is one to three years. Most of our contracts are non-cancelable over the contractual term. Customers typically have the right to terminate their contracts for cause if we fail to perform in accordance with the contractual terms. Some of our customers have the option to purchase additional subscription and support services at a stated price. These options generally do not provide a material right as they are priced at our SSP.

Professional and Other Services Revenue

Professional and other services revenue consists of fees associated with providing deployment advisory services that educate and assist our customers on the best use of our solutions, as well as advise customers on best practices as they deploy our solution. These services are distinct from subscription and support services. Professional services do not result in significant customization of the subscription service. Revenue from professional services provided on a time and materials basis is recognized as the services are performed. Total professional and other services revenue has historically not been material.

Contracts with Multiple Performance Obligations

Most of our contracts with customers contain multiple promised services consisting of: (i) our subscription and support services and (ii) professional and other services that are distinct and accounted for separately. The transaction price is allocated to the separate performance obligations on a relative SSP basis. We determine SSP based on our overall pricing

objectives, taking into consideration the type of subscription and support services and professional and other services, the geographical region of the customer and the number of users.

Variable Consideration

Revenue from sales is recorded at the net sales price, which is the transaction price, and includes estimates of variable consideration. The amount of variable consideration that is included in the transaction price is constrained and is included in the net sales price only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of the cumulative revenue will not occur when the uncertainty is resolved.

If our services do not meet certain service level commitments, our customers are entitled to receive service credits, and in certain cases, refunds, each representing a form of variable consideration. We have historically not experienced any significant incidents affecting the defined levels of reliability and performance as required by our subscription contracts. Accordingly, estimated refunds related to these agreements were not material to the periods presented.

We provide rebates and other credits within our contracts with certain customers, which are estimated based on the value expected to be earned or claimed on the related sales transaction. Overall, the transaction price is reduced to reflect our estimate of the amount of consideration to which we are entitled based on the terms of the contract. Estimated rebates and other credits were not material during the periods presented.

Disaggregation of Revenue

Subscription and support revenue is recognized over time and accounted for approximately 99% of our revenue in fiscal 2019, fiscal 2018 and fiscal 2017.

The following table summarizes the revenue by region based on the shipping address of customers who have contracted to use our cloud platform:


	Year Ended July 31,
	2019						2018						2017
	Amount		% Revenue		Amount		% Revenue		Amount		% Revenue

	(in thousands, except for percentage data)
United States	$	148,807	49	%	$	86,123	45	%	$	57,990	46	%
Europe, Middle East and Africa ^(*)	124,437		41		84,828		45		56,857		45
Asia Pacific	23,838		8		14,465		8		9,853		8
Other	5,754		2		4,758		2		1,017		1
Total	$	302,836	100	%	$	190,174	100	%	$	125,717	100	%

_____

^(*) Revenue from the United Kingdom represented 10%, 11% and 13% of the total revenue for fiscal 2019, fiscal 2018 and fiscal 2017, respectively.

The following table summarizes the revenue from contracts by type of customer:


	Year Ended July 31,
	2019						2018						2017
	Amount		% Revenue		Amount		% Revenue		Amount		% Revenue

	(in thousands, except for percentage data)
Channel partners	$	289,579	96	%	$	175,798	92	%	$	110,900	88	%
Direct customers	13,257		4		14,376		8		14,817		12
Total	$	302,836	100	%	$	190,174	100	%	$	125,717	100	%

Contract Balances

Contract liabilities consist of deferred revenue and include payments received in advance of performance under the contract. Such amounts are recognized as revenue over the contractual period. In fiscal 2019, fiscal 2018 and fiscal 2017 we recognized revenue of $143.9 million, $85.3 million and $58.5 million, respectively, that was included in the corresponding contract liability balance at the beginning of the related fiscal year.

We receive payments from customers based upon contractual billing schedules and accounts receivable are recorded when the right to consideration becomes unconditional. Payment terms on invoiced amounts are typically 30 days but may be up to 90 days for some of our channel partners. Contract assets include amounts related to our contractual right to consideration for both completed and partially completed performance obligations that may not have been invoiced and such amounts have historically not been material.

Remaining Performance Obligations

The typical subscription and support term is one to three years. Most of our subscription and support contracts are non-cancelable over the contractual term. However, customers typically have the right to terminate their contracts for cause, if we fail to perform. As of July 31, 2019, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations was $554.2 million. We expect to recognize 55% of the transaction price over the next 12 months and 98% of the transaction price over the next three years, with the remainder recognized thereafter.

Costs to Obtain and Fulfill a Contract

We capitalize sales commission and associated payroll taxes paid to internal sales personnel that are incremental to the acquisition of channel partner and direct customer contracts. These costs are recorded as deferred contract acquisition costs in the consolidated balance sheets. We determine whether costs should be deferred based on our sales compensation plans, if the commissions are in fact incremental and would not have occurred absent the customer contract.

Sales commissions for renewal of a contract are not considered commensurate with the commissions paid for the acquisition of the initial contract given the substantive difference in commission rates in proportion to their respective contract values. Commissions paid upon the initial acquisition of a contract are amortized over an estimated period of benefit of five years while commissions paid for renewal contracts are amortized over the contractual term of the renewals. Amortization of deferred contract acquisition costs is recognized on a straight-line basis commensurate with the pattern of revenue recognition and included in sales and marketing expense in the consolidated statements of operations. We determine the period of benefit for commissions paid for the acquisition of the initial contract by taking into consideration the expected subscription term and expected renewals of our customer contracts, the duration of our relationships with our customers, customer retention data, our technology development lifecycle and other factors. We periodically review the carrying amount of deferred contract acquisition costs to determine whether events or changes in circumstances have occurred that could impact the period of benefit of these deferred costs. We did not recognize any impairment losses of deferred contract acquisition costs during the periods presented.

The following table summarizes the activity of the deferred contract acquisition costs:


	Year Ended July 31,
	2019		2018		2017

	(in thousands)
Beginning balance	$	55,910	$	34,662	$	21,137
Capitalization of contract acquisition costs	32,526		34,429		21,999
Amortization of deferred contract acquisition costs	(18,651)		(13,181)		(8,474)
Ending balance	$	69,785	$	55,910	$	34,662

Deferred contract acquisition costs	$	21,219	$	16,136	$	10,469
Deferred contract acquisition costs, noncurrent	48,566		39,774		24,193
Total deferred contract acquisition costs	$	69,785	$	55,910	$	34,662

Sales commissions accrued but not paid at July 31, 2019 and 2018, totaled $9.0 million and $10.0 million, respectively, which are included within accrued compensation in the consolidated balance sheets.

Accounts Receivable and Allowance

Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and are non-interest bearing. Accounts receivable are stated at their net realizable value, net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. We have a well-established collections history from our customers. Credit is extended to customers based on an evaluation of their financial condition and other factors. In determining the necessary allowance for doubtful accounts, management considers the current aging and financial condition of our customers, the amount of receivables in dispute and current payment patterns. The allowance for doubtful accounts has historically not been material. There were no material write-offs recognized in the periods presented. Accordingly, the movements in the allowance for doubtful accounts were not material for any of the periods presented. We do not have any off-balance-sheet credit exposure related to our customers.

Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments

We classify all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of 90 days or less from the date of purchase as cash equivalents and all highly liquid investments with original maturities beyond 90 days at the time of purchase as short-term investments. Our cash equivalents and short-term investments consist of highly liquid investments in money market funds, U.S. treasury securities, U.S. government agency securities and corporate debt securities.

We classify our investments as available-for-sale investments and present them within current assets since these investments represent funds available for current operations and we have the ability and intent, if necessary, to liquidate any of these investments in order to meet our liquidity needs within the next 12 months. Our investments are carried at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within stockholders’ equity.

Our investments are reviewed periodically to determine whether a decline in a security’s fair value below the amortized cost basis is other-than-temporary. If the cost of an individual investment exceeds its fair value, we consider available quantitative and qualitative factors such as the length of time and extent to which the market value has been less than the cost, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer and our intent to sell, or whether it is more likely than not we will be required to sell the investment before recovery of the investment’s amortized cost basis. If we believe that a decline in fair value is determined to be other-than-temporary, we write down these investments to fair value. There were no impairments recognized on our investments during the periods presented.

Interest income, amortization of premiums and discounts, realized gains and losses and declines in fair value judged to be other-than-temporary on our available-for-sale securities are included in interest income, net in the consolidated statements of operations. We use the specific identification method to determine the cost in calculating realized gains and losses upon the sale of these investments.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Our financial instruments consist of cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities. Cash equivalents and short-term investments are recorded at fair value. Accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities are stated at their carrying value, which approximates fair value due to the short-time to the expected receipt or payment date. Assets recorded at fair value on a recurring basis in the consolidated balance sheets, consisting of cash equivalents and short-term investments, are categorized in accordance with the fair value hierarchy based upon the level of judgment associated with the inputs used to measure their fair values.

Restricted Cash

We maintained restricted cash of $0.6 million as of July 31, 2018 through letters of credit related to certain lease agreements. In fiscal 2019, the letters of credit were converted to unsecured letters of credit and the underlying funds were released. As of July 31, 2019, we did not have restricted cash.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment, net are stated at historical cost net of accumulated depreciation. Property and equipment, excluding leasehold improvements, are depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, generally ranging from three to five years. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful lives of the respective assets or the lease term. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred and significant improvements and betterments that substantially enhance the life of an asset are capitalized.

Capitalized Internal-Use Software Development Costs

We capitalize certain costs incurred during the application development stage in connection with software development for our cloud security platform. Costs related to preliminary project activities and post-implementation activities are expensed as incurred. Capitalized costs are recorded as part of property and equipment in the consolidated balance sheets. Maintenance and training costs are expensed as incurred. Capitalized internal-use software is amortized on a straight-line basis over its estimated useful life, which is generally three years, and is recorded as cost of revenue in the consolidated statements of operations. We capitalized costs associated with the development of software for internal-use of $3.7 million, $1.8 million and $0.4 million in fiscal 2019, fiscal 2018 and fiscal 2017, respectively. We recognized amortization expense of capitalized internal-use software of $1.0 million, $0.9 million and $1.2 million in fiscal 2019, fiscal 2018 and fiscal 2017, respectively.

Business Combinations

We account for our business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting, which requires, among other things, allocation of the fair value of purchase consideration to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their estimated fair values on the acquisition date. The excess of the fair value of purchase consideration over the values of these identifiable assets and liabilities is recorded as goodwill. When determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, we make estimates and assumptions, especially with respect to intangible assets. Our estimates of fair value are based upon assumptions believed to be reasonable, but which are inherently uncertain and unpredictable and, as a result, actual results may differ from estimates. During the measurement period, not to exceed one year from the date of acquisition, we may record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with a corresponding offset to goodwill

if new information is obtained related to facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date. After the measurement period, any subsequent adjustments are reflected in the consolidated statements of operations. Acquisition costs, such as legal and consulting fees, are expensed as incurred.

Goodwill and Other Long-Lived Assets, including Acquired Intangible Assets

Goodwill represents the excess of the fair value of purchase consideration in a business combination over the fair value of net tangible and intangible assets acquired. Goodwill amounts are not amortized, but rather tested for impairment at least annually or more often if circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. No indications of impairment of goodwill were noted during the periods presented.

Acquired intangible assets consist of identifiable intangible assets, including developed technology and customer relationships, resulting from business combinations. Acquired finite-lived intangible assets are initially recorded at fair value and are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. Amortization expense of developed technology and customer relationships is recorded primarily within cost of revenues and sales and marketing expenses, respectively, in the consolidated statements of operations.

Long-lived assets, such as property and equipment and acquired intangible assets, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. We measure the recoverability of these assets by comparing the carrying amounts to the future undiscounted cash flows that these assets are expected to generate. If the total of the future undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying amount of an asset, we record an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value. Impairment losses on long-lived assets were not material during the periods presented.

Deferred Offering Costs

Deferred offering costs consisted of fees and expenses incurred in connection with the sale of our common stock in an IPO, including legal, accounting, printing and other IPO-related costs. Total deferred offering costs of $6.2 million were reclassified into stockholders' equity as a reduction of the net proceeds received from the IPO in the year ended July 31, 2018.

Leases

We lease our facilities under operating lease agreements and recognize related rent expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Some of our lease agreements contain rent holidays, scheduled rent increases, lease incentives and renewal options. Rent holidays and scheduled rent increases are included in the determination of rent expense to be recorded over the lease term. Lease incentives are recognized as a reduction of rent expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Renewals are not assumed in the determination of the lease term unless they are deemed to be reasonably assured at the inception of the lease. We begin recognizing rent expense on the date that we obtain the legal right to use and control of the leased space.

Stock-Based Compensation

Compensation expense related to stock-based awards granted to employees and non-employees is calculated based on the fair value of stock-based awards on the date of grant.

Stock-based compensation for common stock options is recognized based on the fair value of the awards granted, determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and a single option award approach. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, generally four years. Stock-based compensation for purchase rights granted under the employee stock purchase plan is based on the Black-Scholes option pricing model fair value of the number of awards estimated as of the beginning of the offering period. Stock-based

compensation expense is recognized following the straight-line attribution method over the offering period. Stock-based compensation for restricted stock units is measured based on the market closing price of our common stock on the grant date. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, generally four years.

Prior to our IPO, the fair value of our common stock for financial reporting purposes was determined considering numerous objective and subjective factors and required judgment to determine the fair value of common stock as of each grant date. Subsequent to the IPO, we determine the fair value using the market closing price of our common stock on the date of grant.

Research and Development

Our research and development expenses support our efforts to add new features to our existing offerings and to ensure the reliability, availability and scalability of our solutions. Our cloud platform is software-driven, and our research and development teams employ software engineers in the design and the related development, testing, certification and support of our solutions. Accordingly, the majority of our research and development expenses result from employee-related costs, including salaries, bonuses and benefits and costs associated with technology tools used by our engineers.

Advertising Expenses

Advertising expenses are charged to sales and marketing expense in the consolidated statements of operations as incurred. We recognized advertising expense of $8.6 million, $3.4 million and $1.8 million in fiscal 2019, fiscal 2018 and fiscal 2017, respectively.

Warranties and Indemnification

Our cloud platform is generally warranted to be free of defects under normal use and to perform substantially in accordance with the subscription agreement. Additionally, our contracts generally include provisions for indemnifying customers and channel partners against liabilities if our services infringe or misappropriate a third party’s intellectual property rights. Costs and liabilities incurred as a result of warranties and indemnification obligations were not material during the periods presented.

Legal Contingencies

We may be subject to legal proceedings and litigation arising from time to time. We record a liability when we believe that it is both probable that a loss has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. We periodically evaluate developments in our legal matters that could affect the amount of liability that we accrue, if any, and adjust, as appropriate. Until the final resolution of any such matter for which we may be required to record a liability, there may be a loss exposure in excess of the liability recorded and such amount could be significant. We expense legal fees as incurred.

Income Taxes

We account for income taxes using the asset and liability method. Deferred income taxes are recognized by applying the enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years to differences between the carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the period that includes the enactment date. The measurement of deferred tax assets is reduced, if necessary, by a valuation allowance to amounts that are more likely than not to be realized.

We recognize tax benefits from uncertain tax positions only if we believe that it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such positions are then measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon settlement.

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, or the Tax Act, was enacted. The Tax Act contains several key tax provisions that affect us, including, but not limited to, those reducing the U.S. federal corporate tax rate, imposing a one-time mandatory transition tax on previously untaxed foreign earnings and changing rules related to the use of net operating loss carryforwards created in tax years beginning after December 31, 2017. During fiscal 2019, we completed our assessment of the impacts of the Tax Act including the remeasurement of our deferred taxes, the one-time mandatory transition tax, and the policy decision regarding whether to record deferred taxes associated with GILTI within the measurement period provided by SAB 118. Because of the full valuation allowance recorded against our U.S. federal deferred tax assets, there was no incremental tax expense (or benefit) recognized related to finalizing the accounting for the Tax Act. We have elected to account for the tax effects of GILTI as a period cost.

Comprehensive Loss

Comprehensive loss consists of two components, net loss and other comprehensive income (loss). Other comprehensive income (loss) refers to unrealized gains or losses on available-for-sale investments, net of tax, that are recorded as an element of stockholders’ equity (deficit) and are excluded from net loss.

Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders

Prior to the IPO, basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is presented in conformity with the two-class method required for participating securities. We consider all series of our convertible preferred stock to be participating securities. Under the two-class method, the net loss attributable to common stockholders is not allocated to the convertible preferred stock as the holders of our convertible preferred stock do not have a contractual obligation to share in our losses. Under the two-class method, net income is attributed to common stockholders and participating securities based on their participation rights.

Under the two-class method, basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Net loss attributable to common stockholders is calculated by adjusting the net loss for the accretion of redeemable convertible preferred stock outstanding during the period.

Diluted earnings per share attributable to common stockholders adjusts basic earnings per share for all potentially dilutive common stock equivalents outstanding during the period. Potentially dilutive securities consist of convertible preferred stock, stock options, shares subject to repurchase from early exercised stock options and estimated shares to be issued under the employee stock purchase plan. Since we have reported net losses for all periods presented, we have excluded all potentially dilutive securities from the calculation of the diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders as their effect is antidilutive and accordingly, basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is the same for all periods presented.

Upon closing of the IPO, all shares of convertible preferred stock then outstanding were automatically converted into an equivalent number of shares of common stock on a one-to-one basis and their carrying amount reclassified into stockholders’ equity (deficit). As of July 31, 2019 and 2018, we did not have shares of preferred stock issued and outstanding.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In January 2017, the Financial Accounting Standard Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standard Update ("ASU") No. 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business. The amendment was issued to clarify the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions of assets or businesses. This standard provides a screen test to determine when a set (inputs and processes that produce an output) is not a business. The screen requires that when substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets, the set is not a business. We adopted this standard as of August 1, 2018, and it did not have a material impact to our consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350), which simplifies the accounting for goodwill impairments by eliminating step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Instead, if the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss shall be recognized in an amount equal to that excess, limited to the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. For public business entities, this standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. We early adopted this standard on February 1, 2019, and it did not have a material impact to our consolidated financial statements.

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting, which provides clarity in applying the guidance in Topic 718 around modifications of share-based payment awards. We adopted this standard as of August 1, 2018, and it did not have a material impact to our consolidated financial statements.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments. The new standard eliminates the diversity in practice related to the classification of certain cash receipts and payments for debt prepayment or extinguishment costs, the maturing of a zero-coupon bond, the settlement of contingent liabilities arising from a business combination, proceeds from insurance settlements, distributions from certain equity method investees and beneficial interests obtained in a financial asset securitization. We adopted this standard as of August 1, 2018 using the retrospective transition method, and it did not have a material impact to our consolidated financial statements.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash, which requires that amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. We adopted this standard as of August 1, 2018 using the retrospective transition method and we have adjusted our prior period consolidated statement of cash flows to conform to the current presentation.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which simplifies the accounting for equity awards granted to nonemployees. For public business entities, it is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods therein. Early adoption is permitted. We early adopted this standard as of August 1, 2018 using the prospective transition method, which resulted in a cumulative-effect adjustment of $0.3 million recognized within stockholders' equity, as a reduction of additional paid-in capital against accumulated deficit, on the adoption date.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, “Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract,” which aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. The new standard requires capitalized costs to be amortized on a straight-line basis generally over the term of the

arrangement, and the financial statement presentation for these capitalized costs would be the same as that of the fees related to the hosting arrangements. For public business entities, this standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. We early adopted this standard as of August 1, 2018 using the prospective transition method, and it did not have a material impact to our consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the SEC adopted the final rule under SEC Release No. 33-10532, "Disclosure Update and Simplification," amending certain disclosure requirements that have become redundant, duplicative, overlapping, outdated or superseded. In addition, the amendments expanded the disclosure requirements on the analysis of stockholders' equity for interim financial statements. Under the amendments, an analysis of changes in each caption of stockholders' equity presented in the balance sheet must be provided in a note or separate statement. The analysis should present a reconciliation of the beginning balance to the ending balance of each period for which a statement of comprehensive income is required to be filed. The final rule was effective November 5, 2018. We early adopted this requirement as of August 1, 2018, presenting the activity of the stockholder's equity accounts in the accompanying statements of redeemable convertible preferred stock and stockholders' equity (deficit) for the periods presented.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) ("ASU 2016-02") as amended, which requires recognition of lease assets and liabilities for most leases with terms of more than 12 months. These standards are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. We will adopt this standard effective August 1, 2019 on a modified retrospective basis and will not restate comparative periods. We plan to elect the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance, which allows us to carryforward our historical lease classification, our assessment on whether a contract is or contains a lease, and our initial direct costs for any leases that exist prior to adoption of the new standard. We will also plan to elect to combine lease and non-lease components. In addition, we also plan to elect not to record leases that, at the lease commencement date, have a lease term of 12 months or less on the balance sheet. The standard will have a material impact on the Company's consolidated balance sheets, but it will not have a material impact on its consolidated statement of operations or consolidated statement of cash flows. Leases currently designated as operating leases and data centers in Note 7, Commitments and Contingencies, of these consolidated financial statements will be reported on the consolidated balance sheet upon adoption at their net present value, which will increase total assets and liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. This ASU amends guidance on reporting credit losses for assets held at amortized cost basis and available-for-sale debt securities to require that credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities be presented as an allowance rather than as a write-down. The measurement of credit losses for newly recognized financial assets and subsequent changes in the allowance for credit losses are recorded in the statements of operations. For public business entities, it is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the potential impact of this standard on our consolidated financial statements.

Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments

12 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2019

Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]

Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments

Cash equivalents and short-term investments consisted of the following as of July 31, 2019:


	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value

	(in thousands)
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	55,036	$	—	$	—	$	55,036




Short-term investments:
U.S. treasury securities	$	125,042	$	248	$	(9)	$	125,281
U.S. government agency securities	64,689		7		(50)		64,646
Corporate debt securities	96,047		207		(19)		96,235
Total	$	285,778	$	462	$	(78)	$	286,162

Total cash equivalents and short-term investments	$	340,814	$	462	$	(78)	$	341,198

Cash equivalents and short-term investments consisted of the following as of July 31, 2018:


	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value

	(in thousands)
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	74,408	$	—	$	—	$	74,408
U.S. treasury securities	17,488		—		—		17,488
U.S. government agency securities	1,999		—		—		1,999
Corporate debt securities	11,010		—		(1)		11,009
Total	$	104,905	$	—	$	(1)	$	104,904

Short-term investments:
U.S. treasury securities	$	55,768	$	—	$	(17)	$	55,751
U.S. government agency securities	17,953		—		(19)		17,934
Corporate debt securities	89,362		1		(88)		89,275
Total	$	163,083	$	1	$	(124)	$	162,960

Total cash equivalents and short-term investments	$	267,988	$	1	$	(125)	$	267,864

The amortized cost and fair value of our short-term investments based on their stated maturities consisted of the following as of July 31, 2019:


	Amortized Cost		Fair Value

	(in thousands)
Due within one year	$	196,046	$	196,194
Due between one and two years	89,732		89,968
Total	$	285,778	$	286,162

Short-term investments that were in an unrealized loss position consisted of the following as of July 31, 2019:


	Less than 12 Months						Greater than 12 Months						Total
	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses

	(in thousands)
U.S. treasury securities	$	5,719	$	(9)	$	—	$	—	$	5,719	$	(9)
U.S. government agency securities	36,550		(37)		9,992		(13)		46,542		(50)
Corporate debt securities	14,279		(16)		8,364		(3)		22,643		(19)
Total	$	56,548	$	(62)	$	18,356	$	(16)	$	74,904	$	(78)

The unrealized losses for the above securities as of July 31, 2019 were primarily attributable to changes in interest rates.

Short-term investments that were in an unrealized loss position consisted of the following as of July 31, 2018:


	Less than 12 Months						Greater than 12 Months						Total
	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses

	(in thousands)
U.S. treasury securities	$	55,750	$	(17)	$	—	$	—	$	55,750	$	(17)
U.S. government agency securities	17,934		(19)		—		—		17,934		(19)
Corporate debt securities	83,332		(88)		—		—		83,332		(88)
Total	$	157,016	$	(124)	$	—	$	—	$	157,016	$	(124)

We review the individual securities that have unrealized losses in our short-term investment portfolio on a regular basis to evaluate whether or not any security has experienced an other-than-temporary decline in fair value. We evaluate, among others, whether we have the intention to sell any of these investments and whether it is not more likely than not that we will be required to sell any of them before recovery of the amortized cost basis. Based on this evaluation, we determined that there were no other-than-temporary impairments associated with our short-term investments as of July 31, 2019.

Fair Value Measurements

12 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2019

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received from sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. We measure our financial assets and liabilities at fair value at each reporting period using a fair value hierarchy which requires us to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. A financial instrument’s classification within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Three levels of inputs may be used to measure fair value:

•Level I - Observable inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

•Level II - Observable inputs are quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the assets or liabilities, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instruments; and

•Level III - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. These inputs are based on our own assumptions used to measure assets and liabilities at fair value and require significant management judgment or estimation.

Our money market funds are classified within Level I due to the highly liquid nature of these assets and have quoted prices in active markets.

Certain of our investments in available-for-sale securities (i.e., U.S. treasury securities, U.S. government agency securities and corporate securities) are classified within Level II. The fair value of these securities is priced by using inputs based on non-binding market consensus prices that are primarily corroborated by observable market data or quoted market prices for similar instruments.

Assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis consisted of the following as of July 31, 2019:


			Level I		Level II		Level III
	Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs

	(in thousands)
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	55,036	$	55,036	$	—	$	—




Short-term investments:
U.S. treasury securities	$	125,281	$	—	$	125,281	$	—
U.S. government agency securities	64,646		—		64,646		—
Corporate debt securities	96,235		—		96,235		—
Total	$	286,162	$	—	$	286,162	$	—

Total cash equivalents and short-term investments	$	341,198	$	55,036	$	286,162	$	—

Assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis consisted of the following as of July 31, 2018:


			Level I		Level II		Level III
	Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs

	(in thousands)
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	74,408	$	74,408	$	—	$	—
U.S. treasury securities	17,488		—		17,488		—
U.S. government agency securities	1,999		—		1,999		—
Corporate debt securities	11,009		—		11,009		—
Total	$	104,904	$	74,408	$	30,496	$	—

Short-term investments:
U.S. treasury securities	$	55,751	$	—	$	55,751	$	—
U.S. government agency securities	17,934		—		17,934		—
Corporate debt securities	89,275		—		89,275		—
Total	$	162,960	$	—	$	162,960	$	—

Total cash equivalents and short-term investments	$	267,864	$	74,408	$	193,456	$	—

We did not have transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy of assets measured at fair value during the periods presented.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

+ References + Details

Property and Equipment

12 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2019

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consisted of the following:


		July 31,
	Estimated Useful Life	2019		2018

		(in thousands)
Hosting equipment	3 years	$	56,910	$	30,743
Computers and equipment	3-5 years	2,837		2,335
Purchased software	3 years	1,311		1,324
Capitalized internal-use software	3 years	9,904		6,163
Furniture and fixtures	5 years	1,566		1,478
Leasehold improvements	Shorter of useful life or lease term	2,255		2,123
Property and equipment, gross		74,783		44,166
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization		(33,737)		(24,401)
Total property and equipment, net		$	41,046	$	19,765

We recognized depreciation and amortization expense on property and equipment of $10.4 million, $8.0 million and $6.8 million in fiscal 2019, fiscal 2018 and fiscal 2017, respectively.

Business Combinations

12 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2019

Business Combinations [Abstract]

Business Combinations

In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2019, we completed the acquisition of an early stage software company, Appsulate, Inc. Pursuant to the terms of the purchase agreement, the aggregate purchase price was approximately $12.9 million, of which $10.3 million was paid in cash on the acquisition date and $2.3 million is to be paid upon the lapse of an indemnification period within 18 months of the acquisition date. As of July 31, 2019, this holdback amount is reflected within other noncurrent liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

In connection with this acquisition, we retained the services of a third-party firm to complete a valuation of the acquired identifiable intangible assets as of the closing date in order to allocate the purchase price consideration. The purchase price allocation resulted in the recognition of $5.9 million of goodwill, exclusive of goodwill recognized as a result of deferred tax liability generated by the acquired developed technology, and $7.0 million of developed technology. The developed technology was valued using a replacement cost approach, which is based on the cost of a market participant to reconstruct a substitute asset of comparable utility. Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price paid over the fair value of the net assets acquired and is primarily attributable to the acquired workforce and expected operating synergies. Goodwill is not expected to be deductible for income tax purposes. We incurred approximately $0.3 million of acquisition related costs, which were recorded as general and administrative expenses in fiscal 2019.

The acquisition was a stock transaction for tax purposes. As a result, we recognized a deferred tax liability for approximately $1.4 million, which increased goodwill. As we have a full valuation allowance as of July 31, 2019, we recorded an income tax benefit for this deferred tax liability in the consolidated statement of operations for fiscal 2019. Refer to Note 11, Income Taxes, of these consolidated financial statements for further information.

The fair value of the net assets acquired as of the closing date, including goodwill, consisted of the following:


	Amount		Estimated Useful Life

	(in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	13
Amortizable intangible assets:
Developed technology	7,000		4 years
Goodwill	7,281
Total assets acquired	14,294
Deferred tax liability	(1,422)
Total	$	12,872

The initial allocation of the purchase price was based on a preliminary valuation and assumptions and is subject to change within the measurement period. We expect to finalize the allocation of the purchase price as soon as practicable but no later than one year from the acquisition date.

In fiscal 2019, we also completed an additional business combination with a purchase price of $1.1 million of which $0.8 million was paid in cash on the acquisition date and $0.3 million is to be paid upon the lapse of an indemnification period within 18 months of the acquisition date. As of July 31, 2019, this holdback amount is reflected within other noncurrent liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. Intangible assets acquired and goodwill recorded for this acquisition were not material to our consolidated financial statements.

The pro forma financial information assuming these acquisitions had occurred as of the beginning of the fiscal year prior to the fiscal year of the acquisitions, as well as the revenue and earnings generated during the current fiscal year, were not material for disclosure purposes, individually and in the aggregate.

Goodwill and Acquired Intangible Assets

12 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2019

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Goodwill and Acquired Intangible Assets

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill consisted of the following:


	Amount
	(in thousands)
Balance as of July 31, 2018	$	—
Goodwill acquired	7,479
Balance as of July 31, 2019	$	7,479

Acquired intangible assets consist of developed technology and customer relationships acquired through asset and business acquisitions. Acquired intangible assets are amortized using the straight-line method over their useful lives. The changes in acquired intangible assets consisted of the following:


	Gross										Accumulated Amortization							Net
	July 31, 2018		Additions		July 31, 2019		July 31, 2018		Amortization Expense		July 31, 2019		July 31, 2018		July 31, 2019		Weighted Average Useful life

	(in thousands)																		(years)
Developed technology	$	—	$	9,456	$	9,456	$	—	$	(897)	$	(897)	$	—	$	8,559	3.5
Customer relationships	—		160		160		—		(11)		(11)		—		149		4.7
Total	$	—	$	9,616	$	9,616	$	—	$	(908)	$	(908)	$	—	$	8,708	3.5

Amortization expense of developed technology and customer relationships is recorded primarily within cost of revenues, sales and marketing expenses and research and development expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.

Future amortization expense of acquired intangible assets consisted of the following as of July 31, 2019:


	Amortization Expense
	(in thousands)
Year ending July 31,
2020	$	2,602
2021	2,601
2022	1,994
2023	1,490
2024	21
Total	$	8,708

Commitments and Contingencies

12 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2019

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Operating Leases

We lease our office space under various operating lease agreements expiring at various dates through September 2026. Certain of these lease agreements have escalating rent payments. We recognize rent expense under such agreements on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The difference between the rent paid and the straight-line rent expense is recorded as deferred rent, which current portion is included within accrued expenses and other current liabilities and noncurrent portion is included within other noncurrent liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

Effective April 2019, we entered into a sublease agreement, or lease agreement, for approximately 172,000 square feet of corporate office space in San Jose, California (the "leased premises"), which will serve as our new corporate headquarters. The lease agreement has a commencement date of October 1, 2019, and its initial lease term expires in September 2026. We will initially occupy approximately 69,000 square feet with the remainder of the leased premises to be occupied in phases over the initial term of the lease, with full occupancy occurring by October 2025. The total rent through the end of the initial lease term is approximately $37.3 million, net of free rental periods. In addition to the base rent, we will also be responsible for our pro rata portion of operating and other related expenses. The lease contains escalating rent payments and lease incentives. In connection with this lease agreement, we were required to issue an unsecured letter of credit for $2.8 million to the sublessor to secure our payment obligations. Future non-cancelable minimum lease payments under this lease agreement are reflected in the below table. As of July 31, 2019, we had not taken possession of the initial phase and accordingly, we have not recognized any rent expense associated with this lease agreement in fiscal 2019.

Future minimum payments under non-cancelable operating leases consisted of the following as of July 31, 2019:


	Operating Leases
	(in thousands)
Year ending July 31,
2020	$	4,624
2021	5,836
2022	4,871
2023	6,143
2024	6,509
Thereafter	15,977

Total	$	43,960

Rent expense was $3.0 million, $2.5 million and $1.7 million in fiscal 2019, fiscal 2018 and fiscal 2017, respectively.

Data Center Contract Commitments

We enter into long-term non-cancelable agreements with providers in various countries to purchase data center capacity, such as bandwidth and colocation space, for our cloud platform.

Future minimum payments under non-cancelable data center contracts consisted of the following as of July 31, 2019:


	Data Center Contracts
	(in thousands)
Year ending July 31,
2020	$	11,766
2021	9,890
2022	5,533
2023	106

Total	$	27,295

Bandwidth and colocation costs are recognized as cost of revenue and were $13.8 million, $9.4 million and $6.9 million for fiscal 2019, fiscal 2018 and fiscal 2017, respectively.

Non-cancelable Purchase Obligations

In the normal course of business, we enter into non-cancelable purchase commitments with various parties to purchase products and services such as technology equipment, subscription-based cloud service arrangements, corporate events and consulting services. As of July 31, 2019 and 2018, we had outstanding non-cancelable purchase obligations with a term of 12 months or longer of $2.5 million and $3.1 million, respectively.

Legal Matters

Symantec Litigation

We are currently involved in legal proceedings with Symantec Corporation ("Symantec"). On December 12, 2016, Symantec filed a complaint, which we refer to as "Symantec Case 1," in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware alleging that "Zscaler’s cloud security platform" infringes U.S. Patent Nos. 6,279,113, 7,203,959 ("’959 patent"), 7,246,227

("’227 patent"), 7,392,543, 7,735,116, 8,181,036 and 8,661,498. The complaint seeks compensatory damages, an injunction, enhanced damages and attorney fees. On August 2, 2017, the court granted our motion to transfer Symantec Case 1 from the District of Delaware to the Northern District of California. On March 23, 2018, the Northern District of California court granted our motion to dismiss the asserted claims of the ’959 and ’227 patents as invalid based on unpatentable subject matter.

On April 18, 2017, Symantec filed a second complaint, which we refer to as "Symantec Case 2," in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware alleging that "Zscaler’s cloud security platform" infringes U.S. Patent Nos. 6,285,658 ("’658 patent"), 7,360,249 ("’249 patent"), 7,587,488 ("’488 patent"), 8,316,429 ("’429 patent"), 8,316,446 ("’446 patent"), 8,402,540 and 9,525,696 ("’696 patent"). The complaint seeks compensatory damages, an injunction, enhanced damages and attorney fees.

On June 22, 2017, Symantec filed a notice of voluntary dismissal of its complaint in Symantec Case 2 along with a new complaint alleging infringement of the same patents and adding Symantec Limited as a plaintiff and alleging willful infringement of the ’429 and ’446 patents. On July 31, 2017, the court granted our motion to transfer Symantec Case 2 from the District of Delaware to the Northern District of California. On May 21, 2018, Symantec filed an amended complaint adding allegations of willful infringement of all of the asserted patents in Symantec Case 2. On December 12, 2018, Symantec filed a notice of voluntary dismissal with prejudice of the ’658, ’249, and ’696 Patents asserted in Symantec Case 2. On March 4, 2019, the court granted our motion to dismiss the asserted claims of the ’488 patent as invalid based on unpatentable subject matter.

We have also received letters from Symantec alleging that our "cloud security platform" infringes U.S. Patent Nos. 7,031,327, 7,496,661, 7,543,036 and 7,624,110.

We believe that our technology does not infringe Symantec’s asserted patents and that these patents are invalid.

Should Symantec prevail with its infringement allegations, we could be (i) required to pay substantial damages for past and future sales and/or licensing of our services, (ii) enjoined from making, using, selling or otherwise disposing of our services if a license or other right to continue selling our services is not made available to us, and (iii) required to pay substantial ongoing royalties and comply with unfavorable terms if such a license is made available to us. Any of these outcomes could result in a material adverse effect on our business. Even if we were to prevail, this litigation has been and could continue to be costly and time-consuming, could divert the attention of our management and key personnel from our business operations, could deter distributors from selling or licensing our services, and could dissuade potential customers from purchasing our services, which would also materially harm our business. The expense of litigation and the timing of this expense from period to period are difficult to estimate, subject to change and could adversely affect our results of operations. In addition, any public announcements of the results of any proceedings in Symantec Case 1 or Symantec Case 2 could be negatively perceived by industry or financial analysts and investors, and could cause our stock price to experience volatility or decline.

We have not recorded a liability with respect to Symantec Case 1 or Symantec Case 2 based on our determination that a loss in either case is not probable under the applicable accounting standards.

We are vigorously defending Symantec Case 1 and Symantec Case 2. We are unable to predict the likelihood of success of Symantec’s infringement claims.

Finjan Litigation

On December 5, 2017, Finjan, Inc. filed a complaint, in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California, alleging that certain of our products infringed four U.S. patents held by Finjan, Inc. and seeking compensatory damages, an

injunction, enhanced damages and attorney fees. On April 30, 2019, we entered into patent license and settlement agreements with Finjan, Inc. and its affiliates (collectively "Finjan"), resolving all claims in the lawsuit, and made a payment of $7.3 million to Finjan, Inc. Pursuant to the agreements, Finjan provided us with a worldwide fully paid license to the broader Finjan patent portfolio, releases for past damages, and covenants not to sue. On May 1, 2019, the court dismissed Finjan, Inc.’s complaint with prejudice. We determined that there is no material future economic benefit from the acquired Finjan license and accordingly, we recorded an incremental expense of $4.1 million within general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statement of operations in fiscal 2019. In prior periods, we previously had recorded accruals related to this litigation for $0.7 million in fiscal 2018 and $2.5 million in fiscal 2017.

Other Litigation and Claims

In addition, from time to time we are a party to various litigation matters and subject to claims that arise in the ordinary course of business, including patent, commercial, product liability, employment, class action, whistleblower and other litigation and claims, as well as governmental and other regulatory investigations and proceedings. In addition, third parties may from time to time assert claims against us in the form of letters and other communications. Except as otherwise described above, there is no pending or threatened legal proceeding to which we are a party that, in our opinion, is likely to have a material adverse effect on our future financial results or operations; however, the results of litigation and claims are inherently unpredictable. Regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources and other factors. The expense of litigation and the timing of this expense from period to period are difficult to estimate, subject to change and could adversely affect our results of operations.

Convertible Preferred Stock	12 Months Ended
Convertible Preferred Stock	Jul. 31, 2019
Temporary Equity Disclosure [Abstract]
Convertible Preferred Stock	Convertible Preferred Stock Upon completion of our IPO, as further described in Note 1, Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, of these consolidated financial statements all shares of convertible preferred stock then outstanding, totaling 72,500,750 shares, were automatically converted into an equivalent number of shares of common stock on a one-to-one basis and their carrying value, totaling $207.3 million, inclusive of accretion of Series C and D redeemable convertible preferred stock of $24.7 million, was reclassified to stockholders' equity. Prior to the IPO, we recognized accretion to the redemption price of Series C and D redeemable convertible preferred stock. Accretion was recognized as a reduction of additional paid-in capital with a corresponding increase to the carrying value of Series C and D redeemable convertible preferred stock. Upon completion of the IPO, the accretion rights of Series C and D redeemable convertible preferred stock were terminated. We recognized accretion of Series C and D redeemable convertible preferred stock of $6.3 million and $9.6 million in fiscal 2018 and fiscal 2017, respectively.

Common Stock

12 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2019

Equity [Abstract]

Common Stock

Holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote for each share of common stock held and are not entitled to receive dividends unless declared by our board of directors.

Common Stock Reserved for Future Issuance

The following table summarizes our shares of common stock reserved for future issuance:


			July 31, 2019
			(in thousands)
Equity awards outstanding:
Stock options			8,861
Unvested restricted stock units			4,152
Unvested performance stock units			764
Share purchase rights committed under the employee stock purchase plan			913
Equity awards available for future grants:
Equity incentive plans			15,708
Employee stock purchase plan			1,353
Total			31,751

Stock Based Compensation

12 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2019

Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock-Based Compensation

Equity Incentive Plans

We adopted the Fiscal Year 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2018 Plan") in fiscal 2018 and the 2007 Stock Plan (the "2007 Plan") in fiscal 2008, collectively referred to as the "Plans." Equity incentive awards which may be granted to eligible participants under the Plans include restricted stock units, restricted stock, stock options, nonstatutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, performance units and performance shares. In March 2018, in connection with our IPO, the 2007 Plan was terminated along with its remaining balance of shares of common stock available for grant. With the establishment of the 2018 Plan, we no longer grant stock-based awards under the 2007 Plan and any shares underlying stock options that expire or terminate or are forfeited or repurchased by us under the 2007 Plan are automatically transferred to the 2018 Plan.

Stock Options

Under the Plans, the exercise price of a stock option grant must be not less than 100% of the fair market value of the common stock on the date of grant. Generally, stock options vest over four years with 25% of the option shares vesting one year from the date of grant and monthly thereafter over the remaining vesting term. Stock options granted under the 2018 Plan and 2007 Plan are exercisable over a maximum term of ten years and seven years, respectively, from the date of grant. Stock options that are forfeited or canceled shall become available for future grant or sale under the 2018 Plan.

As of July 31, 2019, we have reserved a total of approximately 18,688,000 shares of common stock for the issuance of equity awards under the 2018 Plan, of which approximately 15,708,000 shares were available for grant. The number of shares

of common stock available for issuance under the 2018 Plan also includes an annual increase on the first day of each fiscal year pursuant to its automatic annual increase provision.

The stock option activity consisted of the following:


		Outstanding Stock Options	Weighted-Average Exercise Price	Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value

	(in thousands, except per share amounts)
Balance as of July 31, 2018		16,175	$6.20	5.1	$	470,860





Stock options exercised		(6,277)	$4.76		$	300,859

Stock options canceled, forfeited or expired		(1,037)	$6.77
Balance as of July 31, 2019		8,861	$7.16	4.6	$	683,294
Exercisable and expected to vest as of July 31, 2018		5,499	$3.97	4.0	$	172,317
Exercisable and expected to vest as of July 31, 2019		3,311	$5.60	4.0	$	260,479

The aggregate intrinsic value of the options exercised represents the difference between the estimated fair value of our common stock on the date of exercise and their exercise price. The total intrinsic value of options exercised was $300.9 million, $16.7 million and $4.5 million for fiscal 2019, fiscal 2018 and fiscal 2017, respectively. From the date of our IPO through July 31, 2019, we did not grant additional stock options. The weighted-average grant-date fair value per share of awards granted was $3.77 and $2.10 for fiscal 2018 and fiscal 2017, respectively.

We estimated the fair value of stock options using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions:


	Year Ended July 31,
	2018	2017
Expected term (in years)	4.6 - 5.1	4.6
Expected stock price volatility	40.3% - 42.3%	41.4% - 43.3%
Risk-free interest rate	1.7% - 2.8%	1.1% - 2.0%
Dividend yield	0.0%	0.0%

Restricted Stock Units

The 2018 Plan allows for the grant of restricted stock units ("RSUs"). Generally, RSUs are subject to a four-year vesting period, with 25% of the shares vesting approximately one year from the vesting commencing date and quarterly thereafter over the remaining vesting term. We began granting RSUs in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018.

The RSU activity consisted of the following:


	RSUs Outstanding	Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value per Share	Aggregate Intrinsic Value

	(in thousands, except per share data)
Balance as of July 31, 2018	209	$26.26	$	7,394
Granted	4,176	$49.13
Vested	(89)	$33.52	6,608
Canceled or forfeited	(144)	$43.52
Balance as of July 31, 2019	4,152	$48.51	$	349,872

Performance Stock Units

The 2018 Plan allows for the grant of performance stock units ("PSUs"). In October 2018, the compensation committee of our board of directors approved the grant of PSUs to certain members of our executive team corresponding to the performance periods of fiscal 2019, fiscal 2020, fiscal 2021 and fiscal 2022. Additionally, the compensation committee determined and approved the corporate performance metrics for fiscal 2019. The corporate performance conditions of performance periods beyond fiscal 2019 will be established and approved at the beginning of each related fiscal year. The right to receive such awards is subject to achievement of the defined corporate performance metrics for each fiscal year and continuous service by the employee. Any earned awards are subject to additional time-based vesting in accordance with the respective award agreement. PSUs related to the fiscal 2019 performance period, totaling approximately 464,000 shares with a weighted-average grant date fair value per share of $36.90, were forfeited effective at the end of fiscal 2019, resulting in a reversal of $3.8 million of accrued stock-based compensation expense recognized in the nine months ended April 30, 2019. Accordingly, no stock-based compensation expense was recognized for these awards for fiscal 2019.

The number of unvested PSUs outstanding consisted of the following as of July 31, 2019:


			Underlying Shares
Performance periods			(in thousands)

Fiscal 2020			464
Fiscal 2021			150
Fiscal 2022			150
Total			764

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

We adopted the Fiscal Year 2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP") in the third quarter of fiscal 2018. As of July 31, 2019, a total of approximately 3,398,000 shares of common stock were reserved for issuance under the ESPP. The ESPP provides eligible employees with an opportunity to purchase shares of our common stock through payroll deductions of up to 15% of their eligible compensation. A participant may purchase a maximum of 3,000 shares of common stock during a

purchase period. Amounts deducted and accumulated by the participant are used to purchase shares of our common stock at the end of each six-month purchase period. The purchase price of the shares is 85% of the lower of the fair market value of our common stock on (i) the first trading day of the applicable offering period and (ii) the last trading day of each purchase period in the related offering period. The ESPP provides for consecutive offering periods that will typically have a duration of approximately 24 months in length and is comprised of four purchase periods of approximately six months in length. The offering periods are scheduled to start on the first trading day on or after June 15 and December 15 of each year. Employee payroll contributions ultimately used to purchase shares will be reclassified to stockholders' equity on the purchase date. The number of shares of common stock available for issuance under ESPP also includes an annual increase on the first day of each fiscal year pursuant to its automatic annual increase provision.

Our first ESPP offering period commenced on March 16, 2018 and its first purchase period ended on December 17, 2018. During fiscal 2019, employees purchased approximately 1,131,000 shares of common stock under the ESPP at an average purchase price of $14.53 per share, resulting in total cash proceeds of $16.4 million. ESPP employee payroll contributions accrued at July 31, 2019 and 2018, totaled $2.1 million and $4.6 million, respectively, and are included within accrued compensation in the consolidated balance sheets.

The fair value of the purchase rights granted under the ESPP was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions:


	Year Ended July 31,
	2019	2018
Expected term (in years)	0.5 - 2.0	0.5 - 2.3
Expected stock price volatility	44.0% - 61.9%	30.7% - 53.2%
Risk-free interest rate	1.9% - 2.7%	2.0% - 2.6%
Dividend yield	0.0%	0.0%

Early Exercised Stock Options

The 2007 Plan allowed for the early exercise of stock options for certain individuals as determined by our board of directors. The consideration received for an early exercised stock option is considered to be a deposit of the exercise price and the related proceed is initially recorded as a liability in the consolidated balance and reclassified to additional paid-in capital as the awards vest. Upon an employee’s termination, we have the option to repurchase unvested shares at a price per share equal to the lesser of the fair market value of the shares at the time of the repurchase or the original purchase price. We reclassified to additional paid-in capital $1.0 million, $3.2 million and $3.7 million related to awards vested during fiscal 2019, fiscal 2018 and fiscal 2017, respectively. As of July 31, 2019 and 2018, the number of shares of common stock subject to repurchase was approximately 122,000 shares and 423,000 shares with an aggregate exercise price of $0.6 million and $1.6 million, respectively. The liability for early exercised stock options is included within accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

Notes Receivable from Stockholders

Prior to fiscal 2017, we entered into notes receivable agreements with certain of our current and former executives and employees in connection with the exercise of their stock options. The outstanding principal amount and related accrued interest on the notes are presented as contra-equity in the consolidated balance sheets until the notes are fully settled. As of July 31, 2018, the carrying amount of the outstanding notes receivable was $2.1 million, inclusive of accrued interest of $0.1 million. During fiscal 2019, the principal amount and accrued interest of the outstanding notes were fully repaid, resulting in cash proceeds of $2.1 million.

Stock-based Compensation Expense

The components of stock-based compensation expense recognized in the consolidated statements of operations consisted of the following:


	Year Ended July 31,
	2019		2018		2017

	(in thousands)
Cost of revenue	$	2,926	$	757	$	348
Sales and marketing	23,118		5,044		2,794
Research and development	15,090		3,045		5,574
General and administrative	5,289		2,378		1,203
Total	$	46,423	$	11,224	$	9,919

As of July 31, 2019, the unrecognized stock-based compensation cost related to outstanding equity-based awards was $194.6 million, which we expect to be amortized over a weighted-average period of 3.2 years.

In fiscal 2019, we capitalized stock-based compensation associated with the development of software for internal-use of $0.5 million. Stock-based compensation related to projects capitalized in prior periods was immaterial.

Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2019

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

The following table sets forth the geographical breakdown of the income (loss) before the provision for income taxes:


	Year ended July 31,
	2019		2018		2017

	(in thousands)
Domestic	$	(34,145)	$	(36,455)	$	(36,874)
International	6,233		4,146		2,291
Loss before income taxes	$	(27,912)	$	(32,309)	$	(34,583)

The following table sets forth the components of the provision for income taxes:


	Year ended July 31,
	2019		2018		2017

Current:	(in thousands)
Federal	$	—	$	—	$	—
State	64		(2)		31
Foreign	2,325		1,480		874
Total current tax expense	2,389		1,478		905

Deferred:
Federal	(1,431)		—		—
State	(107)		—		—
Foreign	(108)		(141)		(28)
Total deferred tax expense	(1,646)		(141)		(28)

Total provision for income taxes	$	743	$	1,337	$	877

The following table presents the reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax rate to our effective tax rate:


	Year ended July 31,
	2019		2018		2017
Tax at federal statutory rate	21.0	%	21.0	%	34.0	%
State taxes	0.1		—		1.5
Impact of foreign rate differential	(0.9)		0.3		(1.7)
Meals and entertainment	(1.9)		(1.3)		(0.5)
Stock-based compensation	147.2		(3.8)		(2.8)
Impact of U.S. tax reform	—		(58.6)		—
Provision to return adjustments	1.2		2.8		(0.3)
U.S. tax credits	10.0		3.7		—
Change in valuation allowance	(176.9)		33.5		(32.4)
Withholding Tax	(2.4)		(1.1)		—
Other	(0.1)		(0.6)		(0.3)
Effective tax rate	(2.7)	%	(4.1)	%	(2.5)	%

Our estimated effective tax rate for the periods presented differs from the U.S. statutory rate primarily due to the benefit of a portion of our earnings being taxed at rates lower than the U.S. statutory rate and the benefit of stock compensation deductions, offset by the impact of the valuation allowance we maintain against our U.S. federal and state deferred tax assets. The impact of the Tax Act includes the effect of remeasuring our deferred tax assets and liabilities at 21% plus the effects of the one-time mandatory transition tax. During the current fiscal year, we recognized an income tax benefit of $1.4 million as a result of a release in our valuation allowance on deferred tax assets as a result of deferred taxes recorded in purchase accounting as part of the Appsulate, Inc. acquisition.

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 or the Tax Act was enacted. The Tax Act contains several key tax provisions that affect us, including, but not limited to, reducing the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 34% to 21% imposing a one-time mandatory transition tax on previously untaxed foreign earnings, and changing rules related to the use of net operating loss carryforwards created in tax years beginning after December 31, 2017. In December 2017, the SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118, Income Tax Accounting Implications of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“SAB 118”), which allows us to record provisional amounts during a measurement period not to extend beyond one year past the enactment date.

We currently maintain a full valuation allowance recorded against our U.S. federal deferred tax assets. As such, the provisional estimate associated with the remeasurement of our deferred tax assets and the one-time mandatory transition tax was offset by a change in our valuation allowance which resulted in no income tax expense or benefit. During fiscal 2019, we completed our accounting for the Tax Act in accordance with SAB 118. Because of the full valuation allowance recorded against our U.S. federal deferred tax assets, there was no incremental tax expense (or benefit) recognized related to finalizing the accounting for the Tax Act. We have elected to account for the tax effects of Global Intangible Low Taxed Income ("GILTI") as a period cost.

The following table presents the tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of our deferred tax assets and liabilities:


	July 31,
	2019		2018

	(in thousands)
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating losses carryovers	$	87,413	$	41,794
Accruals and reserves	1,763		2,863
Deferred revenue	14,752		6,071
Tax credits carryovers	10,330		6,118
Stock-based compensation	6,112		784
Property and equipment	560		303
Other	232		347
Gross deferred tax assets	121,162		58,280
Less: Valuation allowance	(103,732)		(45,578)
Total deferred tax assets	17,430		12,702

Deferred tax liabilities:
Intangible Assets	(1,178)		—
Deferred contract acquisition costs	(15,906)		(12,561)
Other	(89)		—
Total deferred tax liabilities	(17,173)		(12,561)

Net deferred tax assets	$	257	$	141

A deferred tax liability has not been recognized on the excess of the amount for financial reporting over the tax basis of investments in foreign subsidiaries that are indefinitely reinvested outside the U.S. Income taxes are generally incurred upon a repatriation of assets, a sale, or a liquidation of the subsidiary. The excess of the amount for financial reporting over the tax basis in the investments in foreign subsidiaries, as well as the unrecognized deferred tax liability, are not material for the periods presented.

The following table presents the change in the valuation allowance:


	Year ended July 31,
	2019		2018		2017

	(in thousands)
Balance as of the beginning of the period	$	45,578	$	51,493	$	40,299
Change during the period	58,154		(5,915)		11,194
Balance as of the end of the period	$	103,732	$	45,578	$	51,493

The realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of sufficient taxable income of the appropriate character in future periods. We regularly assess the ability to realize our deferred tax assets and establish a valuation allowance if it is more-likely-than-not that some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. We weigh all available positive and negative evidence, including our earnings history and results of recent operations, scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies. Due to the weight of objectively

verifiable negative evidence, including our history of losses, we believe that it is more likely than not that our U.S. federal and, state deferred tax assets will not be realized as of July 31, 2019 and 2018, and as such, we have maintained a full valuation allowance against such deferred tax assets. During fiscal 2019, we determined that due to the weight of objectively verifiable negative evidence, our U.K. deferred tax assets are no longer more likely than not to be realized in the future and a full valuation allowance was recorded.

The amount of the deferred tax asset considered realizable, however, could be adjusted if estimates of future taxable income during the carryforward period are reduced or increased or if objective negative evidence in the form of cumulative losses is no longer present and additional weight may be given to subjective evidence such as our projections for growth. In the event we determine that we will be able to realize all or part of our net deferred tax assets in the future, the valuation allowance against deferred tax assets will be reversed in the period in which we make such determination. The release of a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets may cause greater volatility in the effective tax rate in the periods in which the valuation allowance is released. The valuation allowance against our U.S. federal, state and U.K. deferred tax assets increased by $58.2 million, decreased by $5.9 million and increased by $11.2 million in fiscal 2019, fiscal 2018, and fiscal 2017, respectively. The decrease in the valuation allowance in fiscal 2018 was primarily related to the change in the federal statutory rate, while the increase in the valuation allowance in fiscal 2019 and fiscal 2017 was related to tax losses for which insufficient positive evidence exists to support their realizability.

As of July 31, 2019 and 2018, we have net operating loss carryforwards for U.S. federal income tax purposes of $360.0 million and $173.6 million, respectively, which are available to offset future federal taxable income. Beginning in 2027, $144.4 million of the federal net operating losses will begin to expire. The remaining $215.6 million of the federal net operating losses will carry forward indefinitely. As of July 31, 2019 and 2018, we have net operating loss carryforwards for state income tax purposes of $109.5 million and $62.4 million, respectively. Beginning in 2024, $102.6 million of state net operating losses will begin to expire at different periods. The remaining $6.9 million of state net operating losses will carry forward indefinitely. As of July 31, 2019, we had foreign net operating loss carryforward of $17.7 million. As of July 31, 2018, we did not have foreign net operating loss carry forward. All of the foreign net operating losses is from U.K. and it will carry forward indefinitely.

As of July 31, 2019, we had federal and California research and development tax credit carryforwards of approximately $8.4 million and $6.3 million, respectively. If not utilized, the federal credit carryforwards will begin expiring at different periods beginning in 2033. The California credit will carryforward indefinitely.

Federal and state tax laws impose restrictions on the utilization of net operating loss and research and development credit carryforwards in the event of a change in ownership of the Company as defined by the Internal Revenue Code, Sections 382 and 383. Under Section 382 and 383 of the Code, substantial changes in our ownership and the ownership of acquired companies may limit the amount of net operating loss and research and development credit carryforwards that are available to offset taxable income. The annual limitation would not automatically result in the loss of net operating loss or research and development credit carryforwards but may limit the amount available in any given future period.

We are subject to income taxes in the U.S. and various foreign jurisdictions. As of July 31, 2019, all years are open for examination and may become subject to examination in the future. Significant judgment is required in evaluating our tax positions and determining our for income tax expense for the fiscal year. During the ordinary course of business, there are transactions and calculations for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. Our estimate of the potential outcome of any tax position is subject to management’s assessment of relevant risks, facts and circumstances existing at that time. These unrecognized tax benefits are established when we believe that certain positions might be challenged despite of belief that our tax return positions are fully supportable. We recognize interest and penalties associated with our unrecognized tax benefits as a component of our income tax expense. For the periods presented, we did not have material interest or penalties associated with the unrecognized tax benefits in the consolidated financial statements.

We had $4.4 million of gross unrecognized tax benefits as of July 31, 2019, none of which would affect our effective tax rate if recognized due to our U.S. valuation allowance. The gross unrecognized tax benefits relate to income tax positions which, if recognized, would be in the form of carryforward deferred tax asset that would be offset by a valuation allowance. As of July 31, 2019, we do not believe that our estimates, as otherwise provided for, on such tax positions will significantly increase or decrease within the next twelve months.

The changes in our gross unrecognized tax benefits for fiscal 2019 consisted of the following:


	Amount
	(in thousands)
Balance as of July 31, 2017	$	—
Gross increase for tax positions of prior fiscal years	1,746

Gross increase for tax positions in fiscal 2018	876
Balance as of July 31, 2018	2,622
Gross decrease for tax positions of prior years	(288)
Gross increase for tax positions of current year	2,093
Balance as of July 31, 2019	$	4,427

Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders

12 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2019

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders

Basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is presented in conformity with the two-class method required for participating securities. We consider all series of our convertible preferred stock to be participating securities. Under the two-class method, the net loss attributable to common stockholders is not allocated to the convertible preferred stock as the holders of our convertible preferred stock do not have a contractual obligation to share in our losses. In March 2018, upon completion of our IPO, all shares of convertible preferred stock then outstanding, were automatically converted into an equivalent number of shares of common stock on a one-to-one basis. As of July 31, 2019, we did not have shares of convertible preferred stock issued and outstanding.

Basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, less shares subject to repurchase. The diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by giving effect to all potential dilutive common stock equivalents outstanding for the period. For purposes of this calculation, our convertible preferred stock, stock options, early exercised stock options, RSUs and purchase rights granted under the ESPP are considered to be potential common stock equivalents.

Since we have reported net losses for all periods presented, we have excluded all potentially dilutive securities from the calculation of the diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders as their effect is antidilutive and accordingly, basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is the same for all periods presented.

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders:


	Year Ended July 31,
	2019		2018		2017

	(in thousands, except per share data)
Net loss	$	(28,655)	$	(33,646)	$	(35,460)
Accretion of Series C and D redeemable convertible preferred stock	—		(6,332)		(9,570)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(28,655)	$	(39,978)	$	(45,030)
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted	123,566		63,881		29,221
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted	$	(0.23)	$	(0.63)	$	(1.54)

The following table summarizes the outstanding potentially dilutive securities that were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders because the impact of including them would have been antidilutive:


	July 31,
	2019	2018	2017

	(in thousands)
Convertible preferred stock	—	—	72,501
Outstanding stock options	8,861	16,175	15,058
Shares subject to repurchase from early exercised stock options	122	423	1,888
Share purchase rights under the ESPP	913	2,044	—
Unvested RSUs	4,152	209	—

Total	14,048	18,851	89,447

Segment and Geographic Information

12 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2019

Risks and Uncertainties [Abstract]

Segment and Geographic Information

Our chief operating decision maker ("CODM") is our chief executive officer. We derive our revenue primarily from sales of subscription services to our cloud platform and related support services. Our CODM reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for the purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. Accordingly, we determined that we operate as one operating segment.

Our long-lived assets consist of property and equipment, which are summarized by geographic area as follows:


	July 31,
	2019		2018

	(in thousands)
United States	$	28,847	$	14,742
Rest of the world	12,199		5,023
Total	$	41,046	$	19,765

Refer to Note 1, Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, of these consolidated financial statements for information on revenue by geography.

The 401(k) Plan	12 Months Ended
The 401(k) Plan	Jul. 31, 2019
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]
401(k) Plan	401(k) Plan We have a defined-contribution plan intended to qualify under Section 401 of the Internal Revenue Code (the "401(k) Plan"). We contracted with a third-party provider to act as a custodian and trustee, and to process and maintain the records of participant data. Substantially all the expenses incurred for administrating the 401(k) Plan are paid by us, which have not been material to the periods presented. We have not made any matching contributions during the periods presented.

Related Party Transactions	12 Months Ended
Related Party Transactions	Jul. 31, 2019
Related Party Transactions [Abstract]
Related Party Transactions	Related Party Transactions In November 2016, we recorded $4.4 million of stock-based compensation expense within research and development expense in the consolidated statements of operations associated with a one-time secondary stock purchase transaction which was executed among certain of our employees and certain of our affiliated stockholders, including entities controlled by Jay Chaudhry, our president, chief executive officer and chairman of our board of directors, and Lane Bess, a former member of our board of directors. We assessed the impact of this transaction as holders of economic interest in our Company acquired shares from our employees at a price in excess of fair value of such shares. Accordingly, we recognized such excess value as stock-based compensation expense. We previously entered into notes receivable agreements with certain of our current and former executives and employees in connection with the exercise of their stock options. Outstanding notes receivable were fully repaid during fiscal 2019. Refer to Note 10, Stock-Based Compensation, of these consolidated financial statements for further information.

Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2019

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Fiscal Year

Our fiscal year ends on July 31. References to fiscal 2019, for example, refer to our fiscal year ended July 31, 2019.

Principles of Consolidation

Principles of Consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries and have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("U.S. GAAP"). All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

Foreign Currency

Foreign Currency The functional currency of our foreign subsidiaries is the U.S. dollar. Accordingly, monetary assets and liabilities of our foreign subsidiaries are re-measured into U.S. dollars at the exchange rates in effect at the reporting date, non-monetary assets and liabilities are re-measured at historical rates, revenue and expenses are re-measured at average exchange rates in effect during each reporting period. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are recorded in other income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of operations.

Concentration of Risks

We grant credit to our customers in the normal course of business. We monitor the financial condition of our customers to reduce credit risk.

Segment Information

Revenue Recognition

1) Identify the contract with a customer

2) Identify the performance obligations in the contract

3) Determine the transaction price

4) Allocate the transaction price to performance obligations in the contract

5) Recognize revenue when or as we satisfy a performance obligation

Subscription and Support Revenue

Professional and Other Services Revenue

Contracts with Multiple Performance Obligations

objectives, taking into consideration the type of subscription and support services and professional and other services, the geographical region of the customer and the number of users.

Variable Consideration

Disaggregation of Revenue

Subscription and support revenue is recognized over time and accounted for approximately 99% of our revenue in fiscal 2019, fiscal 2018 and fiscal 2017.

The following table summarizes the revenue by region based on the shipping address of customers who have contracted to use our cloud platform:


	Year Ended July 31,
	2019						2018						2017
	Amount		% Revenue		Amount		% Revenue		Amount		% Revenue

	(in thousands, except for percentage data)
United States	$	148,807	49	%	$	86,123	45	%	$	57,990	46	%
Europe, Middle East and Africa ^(*)	124,437		41		84,828		45		56,857		45
Asia Pacific	23,838		8		14,465		8		9,853		8
Other	5,754		2		4,758		2		1,017		1
Total	$	302,836	100	%	$	190,174	100	%	$	125,717	100	%

_____

^(*) Revenue from the United Kingdom represented 10%, 11% and 13% of the total revenue for fiscal 2019, fiscal 2018 and fiscal 2017, respectively.

The following table summarizes the revenue from contracts by type of customer:


	Year Ended July 31,
	2019						2018						2017
	Amount		% Revenue		Amount		% Revenue		Amount		% Revenue

	(in thousands, except for percentage data)
Channel partners	$	289,579	96	%	$	175,798	92	%	$	110,900	88	%
Direct customers	13,257		4		14,376		8		14,817		12
Total	$	302,836	100	%	$	190,174	100	%	$	125,717	100	%

Contract Balances

Remaining Performance Obligations

Costs to Obtain and Fulfill a Contract

Accounts Receivable and Allowance

Accounts Receivable and Allowance Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and are non-interest bearing. Accounts receivable are stated at their net realizable value, net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. We have a well-established collections history from our customers. Credit is extended to customers based on an evaluation of their financial condition and other factors. In determining the necessary allowance for doubtful accounts, management considers the current aging and financial condition of our customers, the amount of receivables in dispute and current payment patterns.

Cash Equivalents

Short-Term Investments

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Restricted Cash

Restricted Cash We maintained restricted cash of $0.6 million as of July 31, 2018 through letters of credit related to certain lease agreements. In fiscal 2019, the letters of credit were converted to unsecured letters of credit and the underlying funds were released.

Property and Equipment

Property and EquipmentProperty and equipment, net are stated at historical cost net of accumulated depreciation. Property and equipment, excluding leasehold improvements, are depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, generally ranging from three to five years. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful lives of the respective assets or the lease term. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred and significant improvements and betterments that substantially enhance the life of an asset are capitalized.

Capitalized Internal-Use Software Development Costs

Capitalized Internal-Use Software Development CostsWe capitalize certain costs incurred during the application development stage in connection with software development for our cloud security platform. Costs related to preliminary project activities and post-implementation activities are expensed as incurred. Capitalized costs are recorded as part of property and equipment in the consolidated balance sheets. Maintenance and training costs are expensed as incurred. Capitalized internal-use software is amortized on a straight-line basis over its estimated useful life, which is generally three years, and is recorded as cost of revenue in the consolidated statements of operations.

Business Combinations

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Deferred Offering Costs

Deferred Offering CostsDeferred offering costs consisted of fees and expenses incurred in connection with the sale of our common stock in an IPO, including legal, accounting, printing and other IPO-related costs.

Leases

Stock-Based Compensation

Compensation expense related to stock-based awards granted to employees and non-employees is calculated based on the fair value of stock-based awards on the date of grant.

Research and Development

Advertising Expenses

Advertising ExpensesAdvertising expenses are charged to sales and marketing expense in the consolidated statements of operations as incurred.

Warranties and Indemnification

Legal Contingencies

Income Taxes

Comprehensive Loss

Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements; Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2019

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Schedule of Accounts Receivable

The following table summarizes the concentration of 10% or more of the total balance of accounts receivable, net:


	July 31,
	2019		2018
Channel partner A	12	%	*
Channel partner B	11	%	13	%
Channel partner C	10	%	13	%

_____

* Represents less than 10%.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table summarizes the revenue by region based on the shipping address of customers who have contracted to use our cloud platform:


	Year Ended July 31,
	2019						2018						2017
	Amount		% Revenue		Amount		% Revenue		Amount		% Revenue

	(in thousands, except for percentage data)
United States	$	148,807	49	%	$	86,123	45	%	$	57,990	46	%
Europe, Middle East and Africa ^(*)	124,437		41		84,828		45		56,857		45
Asia Pacific	23,838		8		14,465		8		9,853		8
Other	5,754		2		4,758		2		1,017		1
Total	$	302,836	100	%	$	190,174	100	%	$	125,717	100	%

_____

^(*) Revenue from the United Kingdom represented 10%, 11% and 13% of the total revenue for fiscal 2019, fiscal 2018 and fiscal 2017, respectively.

The following table summarizes the revenue from contracts by type of customer:


	Year Ended July 31,
	2019						2018						2017
	Amount		% Revenue		Amount		% Revenue		Amount		% Revenue

	(in thousands, except for percentage data)
Channel partners	$	289,579	96	%	$	175,798	92	%	$	110,900	88	%
Direct customers	13,257		4		14,376		8		14,817		12
Total	$	302,836	100	%	$	190,174	100	%	$	125,717	100	%

Capitalized Contract Cost

The following table summarizes the activity of the deferred contract acquisition costs:


	Year Ended July 31,
	2019		2018		2017

	(in thousands)
Beginning balance	$	55,910	$	34,662	$	21,137
Capitalization of contract acquisition costs	32,526		34,429		21,999
Amortization of deferred contract acquisition costs	(18,651)		(13,181)		(8,474)
Ending balance	$	69,785	$	55,910	$	34,662

Deferred contract acquisition costs	$	21,219	$	16,136	$	10,469
Deferred contract acquisition costs, noncurrent	48,566		39,774		24,193
Total deferred contract acquisition costs	$	69,785	$	55,910	$	34,662

Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2019

Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]

Schedule of Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments

Cash equivalents and short-term investments consisted of the following as of July 31, 2019:


	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value

	(in thousands)
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	55,036	$	—	$	—	$	55,036




Short-term investments:
U.S. treasury securities	$	125,042	$	248	$	(9)	$	125,281
U.S. government agency securities	64,689		7		(50)		64,646
Corporate debt securities	96,047		207		(19)		96,235
Total	$	285,778	$	462	$	(78)	$	286,162

Total cash equivalents and short-term investments	$	340,814	$	462	$	(78)	$	341,198

Cash equivalents and short-term investments consisted of the following as of July 31, 2018:


	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value

	(in thousands)
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	74,408	$	—	$	—	$	74,408
U.S. treasury securities	17,488		—		—		17,488
U.S. government agency securities	1,999		—		—		1,999
Corporate debt securities	11,010		—		(1)		11,009
Total	$	104,905	$	—	$	(1)	$	104,904

Short-term investments:
U.S. treasury securities	$	55,768	$	—	$	(17)	$	55,751
U.S. government agency securities	17,953		—		(19)		17,934
Corporate debt securities	89,362		1		(88)		89,275
Total	$	163,083	$	1	$	(124)	$	162,960

Total cash equivalents and short-term investments	$	267,988	$	1	$	(125)	$	267,864

Schedule of Maturities

The amortized cost and fair value of our short-term investments based on their stated maturities consisted of the following as of July 31, 2019:


	Amortized Cost		Fair Value

	(in thousands)
Due within one year	$	196,046	$	196,194
Due between one and two years	89,732		89,968
Total	$	285,778	$	286,162

Schedule of Unrealized Loss on Investments

Short-term investments that were in an unrealized loss position consisted of the following as of July 31, 2019:


	Less than 12 Months						Greater than 12 Months						Total
	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses

	(in thousands)
U.S. treasury securities	$	5,719	$	(9)	$	—	$	—	$	5,719	$	(9)
U.S. government agency securities	36,550		(37)		9,992		(13)		46,542		(50)
Corporate debt securities	14,279		(16)		8,364		(3)		22,643		(19)
Total	$	56,548	$	(62)	$	18,356	$	(16)	$	74,904	$	(78)

The unrealized losses for the above securities as of July 31, 2019 were primarily attributable to changes in interest rates.

Short-term investments that were in an unrealized loss position consisted of the following as of July 31, 2018:


	Less than 12 Months						Greater than 12 Months						Total
	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses

	(in thousands)
U.S. treasury securities	$	55,750	$	(17)	$	—	$	—	$	55,750	$	(17)
U.S. government agency securities	17,934		(19)		—		—		17,934		(19)
Corporate debt securities	83,332		(88)		—		—		83,332		(88)
Total	$	157,016	$	(124)	$	—	$	—	$	157,016	$	(124)

Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2019

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis

Assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis consisted of the following as of July 31, 2019:


			Level I		Level II		Level III
	Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs

	(in thousands)
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	55,036	$	55,036	$	—	$	—




Short-term investments:
U.S. treasury securities	$	125,281	$	—	$	125,281	$	—
U.S. government agency securities	64,646		—		64,646		—
Corporate debt securities	96,235		—		96,235		—
Total	$	286,162	$	—	$	286,162	$	—

Total cash equivalents and short-term investments	$	341,198	$	55,036	$	286,162	$	—

Assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis consisted of the following as of July 31, 2018:


			Level I		Level II		Level III
	Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs

	(in thousands)
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	74,408	$	74,408	$	—	$	—
U.S. treasury securities	17,488		—		17,488		—
U.S. government agency securities	1,999		—		1,999		—
Corporate debt securities	11,009		—		11,009		—
Total	$	104,904	$	74,408	$	30,496	$	—

Short-term investments:
U.S. treasury securities	$	55,751	$	—	$	55,751	$	—
U.S. government agency securities	17,934		—		17,934		—
Corporate debt securities	89,275		—		89,275		—
Total	$	162,960	$	—	$	162,960	$	—

Total cash equivalents and short-term investments	$	267,864	$	74,408	$	193,456	$	—

Property and Equipment (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2019

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Schedule of Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consisted of the following:


		July 31,
	Estimated Useful Life	2019		2018

		(in thousands)
Hosting equipment	3 years	$	56,910	$	30,743
Computers and equipment	3-5 years	2,837		2,335
Purchased software	3 years	1,311		1,324
Capitalized internal-use software	3 years	9,904		6,163
Furniture and fixtures	5 years	1,566		1,478
Leasehold improvements	Shorter of useful life or lease term	2,255		2,123
Property and equipment, gross		74,783		44,166
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization		(33,737)		(24,401)
Total property and equipment, net		$	41,046	$	19,765

Business Combinations (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2019

Business Combinations [Abstract]

Schedule of Net Assets Acquired

The fair value of the net assets acquired as of the closing date, including goodwill, consisted of the following:


	Amount		Estimated Useful Life

	(in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	13
Amortizable intangible assets:
Developed technology	7,000		4 years
Goodwill	7,281
Total assets acquired	14,294
Deferred tax liability	(1,422)
Total	$	12,872

Goodwill and Acquired Intangible Assets (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2019

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Goodwill

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill consisted of the following:


	Amount
	(in thousands)
Balance as of July 31, 2018	$	—
Goodwill acquired	7,479
Balance as of July 31, 2019	$	7,479

Schedule of Acquired Intangible Assets

The changes in acquired intangible assets consisted of the following:


	Gross										Accumulated Amortization							Net
	July 31, 2018		Additions		July 31, 2019		July 31, 2018		Amortization Expense		July 31, 2019		July 31, 2018		July 31, 2019		Weighted Average Useful life

	(in thousands)																		(years)
Developed technology	$	—	$	9,456	$	9,456	$	—	$	(897)	$	(897)	$	—	$	8,559	3.5
Customer relationships	—		160		160		—		(11)		(11)		—		149		4.7
Total	$	—	$	9,616	$	9,616	$	—	$	(908)	$	(908)	$	—	$	8,708	3.5

Schedule of Future Amortization Expense

Future amortization expense of acquired intangible assets consisted of the following as of July 31, 2019:


	Amortization Expense
	(in thousands)
Year ending July 31,
2020	$	2,602
2021	2,601
2022	1,994
2023	1,490
2024	21
Total	$	8,708

Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2019

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Future Minimum Rental Payments for Operating Leases

Future minimum payments under non-cancelable operating leases consisted of the following as of July 31, 2019:


	Operating Leases
	(in thousands)
Year ending July 31,
2020	$	4,624
2021	5,836
2022	4,871
2023	6,143
2024	6,509
Thereafter	15,977

Total	$	43,960

Schedule of Future Minimum Payments for Other Commitments

Future minimum payments under non-cancelable data center contracts consisted of the following as of July 31, 2019:


	Data Center Contracts
	(in thousands)
Year ending July 31,
2020	$	11,766
2021	9,890
2022	5,533
2023	106

Total	$	27,295

Common Stock (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2019

Equity [Abstract]

Schedule of Common Stock

The following table summarizes our shares of common stock reserved for future issuance:


			July 31, 2019
			(in thousands)
Equity awards outstanding:
Stock options			8,861
Unvested restricted stock units			4,152
Unvested performance stock units			764
Share purchase rights committed under the employee stock purchase plan			913
Equity awards available for future grants:
Equity incentive plans			15,708
Employee stock purchase plan			1,353
Total			31,751

- Definition

Tabular disclosure of an entity's stock, including par or stated value per share, number and dollar amount of share subscriptions, shares authorized, shares issued, shares outstanding, number and dollar amount of shares held in an employee trust, dividend per share, total dividends, share conversion features, par value plus additional paid in capital, the value of treasury stock and other information necessary to a fair presentation, and EPS information. Stock by class includes common, convertible, and preferred stocks which are not redeemable or redeemable solely at the option of the issuer. Includes preferred stock with redemption features that are solely within the control of the issuer and mandatorily redeemable stock if redemption is required to occur only upon liquidation or termination of the reporting entity. If more than one issue is outstanding, state the title of each issue and the corresponding dollar amount; dollar amount of any shares subscribed but unissued and the deduction of subscriptions receivable there from; number of shares authorized, issued, and outstanding.

+ References

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+ Details

Stock Based Compensation (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2019

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Schedule of Stock Options

The stock option activity consisted of the following:


		Outstanding Stock Options	Weighted-Average Exercise Price	Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value

	(in thousands, except per share amounts)
Balance as of July 31, 2018		16,175	$6.20	5.1	$	470,860





Stock options exercised		(6,277)	$4.76		$	300,859

Stock options canceled, forfeited or expired		(1,037)	$6.77
Balance as of July 31, 2019		8,861	$7.16	4.6	$	683,294
Exercisable and expected to vest as of July 31, 2018		5,499	$3.97	4.0	$	172,317
Exercisable and expected to vest as of July 31, 2019		3,311	$5.60	4.0	$	260,479

Schedule of Restricted Stock Units Activity

The RSU activity consisted of the following:


	RSUs Outstanding	Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value per Share	Aggregate Intrinsic Value

	(in thousands, except per share data)
Balance as of July 31, 2018	209	$26.26	$	7,394
Granted	4,176	$49.13
Vested	(89)	$33.52	6,608
Canceled or forfeited	(144)	$43.52
Balance as of July 31, 2019	4,152	$48.51	$	349,872

Schedule of Unvested Performance Stock Units

The number of unvested PSUs outstanding consisted of the following as of July 31, 2019:


			Underlying Shares
Performance periods			(in thousands)

Fiscal 2020			464
Fiscal 2021			150
Fiscal 2022			150
Total			764

Schedule of ESPP Valuation Assumptions

The fair value of the purchase rights granted under the ESPP was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions:


	Year Ended July 31,
	2019	2018
Expected term (in years)	0.5 - 2.0	0.5 - 2.3
Expected stock price volatility	44.0% - 61.9%	30.7% - 53.2%
Risk-free interest rate	1.9% - 2.7%	2.0% - 2.6%
Dividend yield	0.0%	0.0%

Schedule of Allocation of Stock-based Compensation Expense

The components of stock-based compensation expense recognized in the consolidated statements of operations consisted of the following:


	Year Ended July 31,
	2019		2018		2017

	(in thousands)
Cost of revenue	$	2,926	$	757	$	348
Sales and marketing	23,118		5,044		2,794
Research and development	15,090		3,045		5,574
General and administrative	5,289		2,378		1,203
Total	$	46,423	$	11,224	$	9,919

Stock options

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Schedule of Valuation Assumptions

We estimated the fair value of stock options using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions:


	Year Ended July 31,
	2018	2017
Expected term (in years)	4.6 - 5.1	4.6
Expected stock price volatility	40.3% - 42.3%	41.4% - 43.3%
Risk-free interest rate	1.7% - 2.8%	1.1% - 2.0%
Dividend yield	0.0%	0.0%

Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2019

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Income before Income Tax, Domestic and Foreign

The following table sets forth the geographical breakdown of the income (loss) before the provision for income taxes:


	Year ended July 31,
	2019		2018		2017

	(in thousands)
Domestic	$	(34,145)	$	(36,455)	$	(36,874)
International	6,233		4,146		2,291
Loss before income taxes	$	(27,912)	$	(32,309)	$	(34,583)

Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

The following table sets forth the components of the provision for income taxes:


	Year ended July 31,
	2019		2018		2017

Current:	(in thousands)
Federal	$	—	$	—	$	—
State	64		(2)		31
Foreign	2,325		1,480		874
Total current tax expense	2,389		1,478		905

Deferred:
Federal	(1,431)		—		—
State	(107)		—		—
Foreign	(108)		(141)		(28)
Total deferred tax expense	(1,646)		(141)		(28)

Total provision for income taxes	$	743	$	1,337	$	877

Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation

The following table presents the reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax rate to our effective tax rate:


	Year ended July 31,
	2019		2018		2017
Tax at federal statutory rate	21.0	%	21.0	%	34.0	%
State taxes	0.1		—		1.5
Impact of foreign rate differential	(0.9)		0.3		(1.7)
Meals and entertainment	(1.9)		(1.3)		(0.5)
Stock-based compensation	147.2		(3.8)		(2.8)
Impact of U.S. tax reform	—		(58.6)		—
Provision to return adjustments	1.2		2.8		(0.3)
U.S. tax credits	10.0		3.7		—
Change in valuation allowance	(176.9)		33.5		(32.4)
Withholding Tax	(2.4)		(1.1)		—
Other	(0.1)		(0.6)		(0.3)
Effective tax rate	(2.7)	%	(4.1)	%	(2.5)	%

Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

The following table presents the tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of our deferred tax assets and liabilities:


	July 31,
	2019		2018

	(in thousands)
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating losses carryovers	$	87,413	$	41,794
Accruals and reserves	1,763		2,863
Deferred revenue	14,752		6,071
Tax credits carryovers	10,330		6,118
Stock-based compensation	6,112		784
Property and equipment	560		303
Other	232		347
Gross deferred tax assets	121,162		58,280
Less: Valuation allowance	(103,732)		(45,578)
Total deferred tax assets	17,430		12,702

Deferred tax liabilities:
Intangible Assets	(1,178)		—
Deferred contract acquisition costs	(15,906)		(12,561)
Other	(89)		—
Total deferred tax liabilities	(17,173)		(12,561)

Net deferred tax assets	$	257	$	141

Summary of Valuation Allowance

The following table presents the change in the valuation allowance:


	Year ended July 31,
	2019		2018		2017

	(in thousands)
Balance as of the beginning of the period	$	45,578	$	51,493	$	40,299
Change during the period	58,154		(5,915)		11,194
Balance as of the end of the period	$	103,732	$	45,578	$	51,493

Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits Roll Forward

The changes in our gross unrecognized tax benefits for fiscal 2019 consisted of the following:


	Amount
	(in thousands)
Balance as of July 31, 2017	$	—
Gross increase for tax positions of prior fiscal years	1,746

Gross increase for tax positions in fiscal 2018	876
Balance as of July 31, 2018	2,622
Gross decrease for tax positions of prior years	(288)
Gross increase for tax positions of current year	2,093
Balance as of July 31, 2019	$	4,427

Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2019

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Net Loss Per Share, Basic and Diluted

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders:


	Year Ended July 31,
	2019		2018		2017

	(in thousands, except per share data)
Net loss	$	(28,655)	$	(33,646)	$	(35,460)
Accretion of Series C and D redeemable convertible preferred stock	—		(6,332)		(9,570)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(28,655)	$	(39,978)	$	(45,030)
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted	123,566		63,881		29,221
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted	$	(0.23)	$	(0.63)	$	(1.54)

Schedule of Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share


	July 31,
	2019	2018	2017

	(in thousands)
Convertible preferred stock	—	—	72,501
Outstanding stock options	8,861	16,175	15,058
Shares subject to repurchase from early exercised stock options	122	423	1,888
Share purchase rights under the ESPP	913	2,044	—
Unvested RSUs	4,152	209	—

Total	14,048	18,851	89,447

Segment and Geographic Information (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2019

Risks and Uncertainties [Abstract]

Schedule of Long-Lived Assets

Our long-lived assets consist of property and equipment, which are summarized by geographic area as follows:


	July 31,
	2019		2018

	(in thousands)
United States	$	28,847	$	14,742
Rest of the world	12,199		5,023
Total	$	41,046	$	19,765

Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Narrative (Details)		1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018 $ / shares shares	Mar. 31, 2018 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Jul. 31, 2019 USD ($) segment shares	Jul. 31, 2018 USD ($) shares	Jul. 31, 2017 USD ($)	Aug. 01, 2018 USD ($)	Aug. 01, 2017 USD ($)
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Reverse stock split, ratio		0.6667
Sale of stock, number of shares issued in transaction (in shares) \| shares		13,800,000
Sale of stock, price per share (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 16.00	$ 16.00
Sale of stock, net proceeds		$ 205,300,000
Payments for underwriting expense		15,500,000		$ 15,456,000
Offering costs		$ 6,200,000		6,164,000
Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock to common stock upon initial public offering (in shares) \| shares	72,500,750
Conversion ratio	1	1
Foreign currency loss			$ 300,000	100,000	$ 100,000
Number of reportable segments \| segment			1
Number of operating segments \| segment			1
Contract with customer, liability, revenue recognized			$ 143,900,000	85,300,000	58,500,000
Revenue, remaining performance obligation			$ 554,200,000
Capitalized contract cost, amortization period			5 years
Accrued sales commission			$ 9,000,000.0	10,000,000.0
Investment impairment			0	0
Restricted cash			0	600,000
Capitalized software costs			3,700,000	1,800,000	400,000
Capitalized software, amortization expense			$ 1,000,000.0	900,000	1,200,000
Requisite service period			4 years
Advertising expense			$ 8,600,000	$ 3,400,000	$ 1,800,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares) \| shares			0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares) \| shares			0	0
Cumulative effect of accounting change						$ 0	$ 0
Subscription and Support \| Transferred over Time \| Sales Revenue, Net \| Product Concentration Risk
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage			99.00%	99.00%	99.00%
Accumulated Deficit
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Cumulative effect of accounting change						300,000	(438,000)
Additional Paid-In Capital
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Cumulative effect of accounting change						(300,000)	$ 438,000
Minimum
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Contract with customer, term of contract			1 year
Contracts with customers, payment terms			30 days
Estimated Useful Life			3 years
Maximum
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Contract with customer, term of contract			3 years
Contracts with customers, payment terms			90 days
Estimated Useful Life			5 years
ASU 2018-07 \| Accumulated Deficit
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Cumulative effect of accounting change						300,000
ASU 2018-07 \| Additional Paid-In Capital
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Cumulative effect of accounting change						$ (300,000)
Capitalized internal-use software
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life			3 years

Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Accounts Receivable (Details) - Accounts Receivable - Customer Concentration Risk	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2018
Channel partner A
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	12.00%
Channel partner B
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	11.00%	13.00%
Channel partner C
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	10.00%	13.00%

Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Disaggregation of Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2018	Jul. 31, 2017
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 302,836	$ 190,174	$ 125,717
Channel partners
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	289,579	175,798	110,900
Direct customers
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 13,257	$ 14,376	$ 14,817
Geographic Concentration Risk \| Sales Revenue, Net
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Customer Concentration Risk \| Sales Revenue, Net
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Customer Concentration Risk \| Sales Revenue, Net \| Channel partners
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	96.00%	92.00%	88.00%
Customer Concentration Risk \| Sales Revenue, Net \| Direct customers
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	4.00%	8.00%	12.00%
United States
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 148,807	$ 86,123	$ 57,990
United States \| Geographic Concentration Risk \| Sales Revenue, Net
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	49.00%	45.00%	46.00%
Europe, Middle East and Africa
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 124,437	$ 84,828	$ 56,857
Europe, Middle East and Africa \| Geographic Concentration Risk \| Sales Revenue, Net
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	41.00%	45.00%	45.00%
Asia Pacific
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 23,838	$ 14,465	$ 9,853
Asia Pacific \| Geographic Concentration Risk \| Sales Revenue, Net
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	8.00%	8.00%	8.00%
Other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 5,754	$ 4,758	$ 1,017
Other \| Geographic Concentration Risk \| Sales Revenue, Net
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	2.00%	2.00%	1.00%
United Kingdom \| Geographic Concentration Risk \| Sales Revenue, Net
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	10.00%	11.00%	13.00%

Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Summary of Deferred Contract Acquisition Costs (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2018	Jul. 31, 2017	Jul. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2018	Jul. 31, 2017
Changes in Capitalized Contract Cost [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 55,910	$ 34,662	$ 21,137
Capitalization of contract acquisition costs	32,526	34,429	21,999
Amortization of deferred contract acquisition costs	(18,651)	(13,181)	(8,474)
Ending balance	69,785	55,910	34,662
Deferred contract acquisition costs				$ 21,219	$ 16,136	$ 10,469
Deferred contract acquisition costs, noncurrent				48,566	39,774	24,193
Total deferred contract acquisition costs	$ 69,785	$ 34,662	$ 21,137	$ 69,785	$ 55,910	$ 34,662

Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Remaining Performance Obligation (Details)	Jul. 31, 2019
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2019-08-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, percentage	55.00%
Recognized transaction price period	12 months
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2020-08-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, percentage	98.00%
Recognized transaction price period	3 years

Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments - Schedule of Cash Equivalents and Short-term Investments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jul. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2018
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Cash equivalents, amortized cost		$ 104,905
Cash equivalents, unrealized gains		0
Cash equivalents, unrealized losses		(1)
Cash equivalents, fair value		104,904
Short-term investments, amortized cost basis	$ 285,778	163,083
Short-term investment, unrealized gains	462	1
Short-term investments, unrealized losses	(78)	(124)
Short-term investments	286,162	162,960
Cash equivalents and short-term investments, amortized cost	340,814	267,988
Cash equivalents and short-term investments, unrealized gains	462	1
Cash equivalents and short-term investments, unrealized losses	(78)	(125)
Cash equivalents and short-term investments, estimated fair value	341,198	267,864
Money market funds
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Cash equivalents, amortized cost	55,036	74,408
Cash equivalents, unrealized gains	0	0
Cash equivalents, unrealized losses	0	0
Cash equivalents, fair value	55,036	74,408
U.S. treasury securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Cash equivalents, amortized cost		17,488
Cash equivalents, unrealized gains		0
Cash equivalents, unrealized losses		0
Cash equivalents, fair value		17,488
Short-term investments, amortized cost basis	125,042	55,768
Short-term investment, unrealized gains	248	0
Short-term investments, unrealized losses	(9)	(17)
Short-term investments	125,281	55,751
U.S. government agency securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Cash equivalents, amortized cost		1,999
Cash equivalents, unrealized gains		0
Cash equivalents, unrealized losses		0
Cash equivalents, fair value		1,999
Short-term investments, amortized cost basis	64,689	17,953
Short-term investment, unrealized gains	7	0
Short-term investments, unrealized losses	(50)	(19)
Short-term investments	64,646	17,934
Corporate debt securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Cash equivalents, amortized cost		11,010
Cash equivalents, unrealized gains		0
Cash equivalents, unrealized losses		(1)
Cash equivalents, fair value		11,009
Short-term investments, amortized cost basis	96,047	89,362
Short-term investment, unrealized gains	207	1
Short-term investments, unrealized losses	(19)	(88)
Short-term investments	$ 96,235	$ 89,275

Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments - Schedule of Maturities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jul. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2018
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]
Due within one year, amortized cost	$ 196,046
Due within one year, fair value	196,194
Due between one and two years, amortized cost	89,732
Due between one and two years, fair value	89,968
Short-term investments, amortized cost basis	285,778	$ 163,083
Total short-term investments, fair value	$ 286,162	$ 162,960

Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments - Schedule of Unrealized Position (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jul. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2018
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Less than 12 months, fair value	$ 56,548	$ 157,016
Less than 12 months, unrealized losses	(62)	(124)
Greater than 12 months, fair value	18,356	0
Greater than 12 months, unrealized losses	(16)	0
Total fair value	74,904	157,016
Total unrealized losses	(78)	(124)
U.S. treasury securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Less than 12 months, fair value	5,719	55,750
Less than 12 months, unrealized losses	(9)	(17)
Greater than 12 months, fair value	0	0
Greater than 12 months, unrealized losses	0	0
Total fair value	5,719	55,750
Total unrealized losses	(9)	(17)
U.S. government agency securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Less than 12 months, fair value	36,550	17,934
Less than 12 months, unrealized losses	(37)	(19)
Greater than 12 months, fair value	9,992	0
Greater than 12 months, unrealized losses	(13)	0
Total fair value	46,542	17,934
Total unrealized losses	(50)	(19)
Corporate debt securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Less than 12 months, fair value	14,279	83,332
Less than 12 months, unrealized losses	(16)	(88)
Greater than 12 months, fair value	8,364	0
Greater than 12 months, unrealized losses	(3)	0
Total fair value	22,643	83,332
Total unrealized losses	$ (19)	$ (88)

Fair Value Measurements (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jul. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2018
Cash equivalents:
Total		$ 104,904
Short-term investments:
Total	$ 286,162	162,960
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring
Cash equivalents:
Total		104,904
Short-term investments:
Total	286,162	162,960
Total cash equivalents and short-term investments	341,198	267,864
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring \| Level I
Cash equivalents:
Total		74,408
Short-term investments:
Total	0	0
Total cash equivalents and short-term investments	55,036	74,408
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring \| Level II
Cash equivalents:
Total		30,496
Short-term investments:
Total	286,162	162,960
Total cash equivalents and short-term investments	286,162	193,456
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring \| Level III
Cash equivalents:
Total		0
Short-term investments:
Total	0	0
Total cash equivalents and short-term investments	0	0
Money market funds
Cash equivalents:
Total	55,036	74,408
Money market funds \| Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring
Cash equivalents:
Total	55,036	74,408
Money market funds \| Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring \| Level I
Cash equivalents:
Total	55,036	74,408
Money market funds \| Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring \| Level II
Cash equivalents:
Total	0	0
Money market funds \| Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring \| Level III
Cash equivalents:
Total	0	0
U.S. treasury securities
Cash equivalents:
Total		17,488
Short-term investments:
Total	125,281	55,751
U.S. treasury securities \| Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring
Cash equivalents:
Total		17,488
Short-term investments:
Total	125,281	55,751
U.S. treasury securities \| Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring \| Level I
Cash equivalents:
Total		0
Short-term investments:
Total	0	0
U.S. treasury securities \| Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring \| Level II
Cash equivalents:
Total		17,488
Short-term investments:
Total	125,281	55,751
U.S. treasury securities \| Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring \| Level III
Cash equivalents:
Total		0
Short-term investments:
Total	0	0
U.S. government agency securities
Cash equivalents:
Total		1,999
Short-term investments:
Total	64,646	17,934
U.S. government agency securities \| Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring
Cash equivalents:
Total		1,999
Short-term investments:
Total	64,646	17,934
U.S. government agency securities \| Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring \| Level I
Cash equivalents:
Total		0
Short-term investments:
Total	0	0
U.S. government agency securities \| Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring \| Level II
Cash equivalents:
Total		1,999
Short-term investments:
Total	64,646	17,934
U.S. government agency securities \| Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring \| Level III
Cash equivalents:
Total		0
Short-term investments:
Total	0	0
Corporate debt securities
Cash equivalents:
Total		11,009
Short-term investments:
Total	96,235	89,275
Corporate debt securities \| Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring
Cash equivalents:
Total		11,009
Short-term investments:
Total	96,235	89,275
Corporate debt securities \| Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring \| Level I
Cash equivalents:
Total		0
Short-term investments:
Total	0	0
Corporate debt securities \| Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring \| Level II
Cash equivalents:
Total		11,009
Short-term investments:
Total	96,235	89,275
Corporate debt securities \| Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring \| Level III
Cash equivalents:
Total		0
Short-term investments:
Total	$ 0	$ 0

Property and Equipment - Schedule of Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2018
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 74,783	$ 44,166
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(33,737)	(24,401)
Total property and equipment, net	$ 41,046	19,765
Hosting equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life	3 years
Property and equipment, gross	$ 56,910	30,743
Computers and equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 2,837	2,335
Purchased software
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life	3 years
Property and equipment, gross	$ 1,311	1,324
Capitalized internal-use software
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life	3 years
Property and equipment, gross	$ 9,904	6,163
Furniture and fixtures
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life	5 years
Property and equipment, gross	$ 1,566	1,478
Leasehold improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 2,255	$ 2,123
Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life	3 years
Minimum \| Computers and equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life	3 years
Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life	5 years
Maximum \| Computers and equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life	5 years

Property and Equipment - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2018	Jul. 31, 2017
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Depreciation and amortization expense	$ 10,398	$ 7,988	$ 6,840

Business Combinations - Narrative (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
Business Combinations - Narrative (Details) $ in Thousands	Jul. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Jul. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Appsulate, Inc.
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Purchase price	$ 12,900
Payments to acquire businesses, cash	10,300
Holdback fund	$ 2,300	$ 2,300
Holdback funds, term	18 months
Goodwill, excluding goodwill attributable to deferred tax liability	$ 5,900	5,900
Acquired intangible assets	7,000	7,000
Acquisition related costs		300
Acquisition, deferred tax liability	1,422	1,422
Individual Business Acquisition
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Purchase price		1,100
Payments to acquire businesses, cash		800
Holdback fund	300	$ 300
Holdback funds, term		18 months
Developed technology \| Appsulate, Inc.
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Acquired intangible assets	$ 7,000	$ 7,000

Business Combinations - Net Assets Acquired (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2018
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Goodwill	$ 7,479	$ 0
Developed technology, Estimated Useful Life	3 years 6 months
Appsulate, Inc.
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 13
Developed technology	7,000
Goodwill	7,281
Total assets acquired	14,294
Deferred tax liability	(1,422)
Total	$ 12,872
Developed technology, Estimated Useful Life	4 years

Goodwill and Acquired Intangible Assets - Schedule of Goodwill (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Balance as of July 31, 2018	$ 0
Goodwill acquired	7,479
Balance as of July 31, 2019	$ 7,479

Goodwill and Acquired Intangible Assets - Schedule of Acquired Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2018	Jul. 31, 2017
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Intangible Assets, Gross, beginning balance	$ 0
Additions	9,616
Intangible Assets, Gross, ending balance	9,616	$ 0
Accumulated Amortization, beginning balance	0
Amortization Expense	(908)	0	$ 0
Accumulated Amortization, ending balance	(908)	0
Total	$ 8,708	0
Weighted Average Useful life	3 years 6 months
Developed technology
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Intangible Assets, Gross, beginning balance	$ 0
Additions	9,456
Intangible Assets, Gross, ending balance	9,456	0
Accumulated Amortization, beginning balance	0
Amortization Expense	(897)
Accumulated Amortization, ending balance	(897)	0
Total	$ 8,559	0
Weighted Average Useful life	3 years 6 months
Customer relationships
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Intangible Assets, Gross, beginning balance	$ 0
Additions	160
Intangible Assets, Gross, ending balance	160	0
Accumulated Amortization, beginning balance	0
Amortization Expense	(11)
Accumulated Amortization, ending balance	(11)	0
Total	$ 149	$ 0
Weighted Average Useful life	4 years 8 months 12 days

Goodwill and Acquired Intangible Assets - Schedule of Future Amortization Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jul. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2018
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
2020	$ 2,602
2021	2,601
2022	1,994
2023	1,490
2024	21
Total	$ 8,708	$ 0

Commitments and Contingencies - Narrative (Details) ft² in Thousands, $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Jul. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Jul. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Jul. 31, 2017 USD ($)	Oct. 01, 2019 ft²
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Base rent		$ 43,960
Rent expense		3,000	$ 2,500	$ 1,700
Cost of revenue		13,800	9,400	6,900
Purchase obligation		2,500	3,100
Building
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Base rent		37,300
Letter of Credit \| Building
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Letter of credit		2,800
Subsequent Event \| Building
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Total area of lease (in square feet) \| ft²					172
Initial area of lease (in square feet) \| ft²					69
Finjan Litigation
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Settlement payment	$ 7,300
Loss recognized		$ 4,100
Accrued liability for potential lawsuit loss			$ 700	$ 2,500

Commitments and Contingencies - Summary of Future Minimum Payments Under Operating Leases (Details) $ in Thousands	Jul. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
2020	$ 4,624
2021	5,836
2022	4,871
2023	6,143
2024	6,509
Thereafter	15,977
Total	$ 43,960

Commitments and Contingencies - Future Minimum Payments Due Under Data Center Contracts (Details) $ in Thousands	Jul. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
2020	$ 11,766
2021	9,890
2022	5,533
2023	106
Total	$ 27,295

Convertible Preferred Stock (Details) $ in Thousands		1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
Convertible Preferred Stock (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2018 USD ($) shares	Mar. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Jul. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Jul. 31, 2017 USD ($)	Jul. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Jul. 31, 2016 USD ($)
Temporary Equity Disclosure [Abstract]
Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock to common stock upon initial public offering (in shares) \| shares	72,500,750
Conversion ratio	1	1
Temporary equity, carrying value	$ 207,300	$ 207,300	$ 0	$ 200,977	$ 0	$ 191,407
Temporary equity, accretion value	$ 24,700
Accretion of Series C and D redeemable convertible preferred stock			$ (6,332)	$ (9,570)

Common Stock - Narrative (Details)	Jul. 31, 2019 vote
Equity [Abstract]
Number of votes per share	1

Common Stock - Schedule of Common Stock (Details) - shares shares in Thousands	Jul. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2018
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Equity awards outstanding (in shares)	8,861	16,175
Equity awards available for future grants (in shares)	31,751
Stock options
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Equity awards outstanding (in shares)	8,861
Unvested RSUs
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Equity awards outstanding (in shares)	4,152
Unvested performance stock units
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Equity awards outstanding (in shares)	764
Employee stock purchase plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Equity awards outstanding (in shares)	913
Equity awards available for future grants (in shares)	1,353
Equity incentive plans
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Equity awards available for future grants (in shares)	15,708

Stock Based Compensation - Narrative (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended			16 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Jul. 31, 2019 USD ($) period $ / shares shares	Jul. 31, 2018 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Jul. 31, 2017 USD ($) $ / shares	Jul. 31, 2019 USD ($) $ / shares shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares available for grant (in shares) \| shares		15,708,000			15,708,000
Options exercised, aggregate intrinsic value		$ 300,859	$ 16,700	$ 4,500
Shares granted (in shares) \| shares					0
Weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares			$ 3.77	$ 2.10
Stock-based compensation expense		46,423	$ 11,224	$ 9,919
Vesting of early exercised stock options		983	3,255	3,702
Notes receivable, carrying value			2,100
Accrued interest			100
Repayment of loans		2,100
Unrecognized compensation cost		$ 194,600			$ 194,600
Unrecognized compensation cost, weighted-average		3 years 2 months 12 days
Stock based compensation capitalized		$ 500
Stock options
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period		4 years
Stock options \| 2018 Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expiration term		10 years
Stock options \| 2007 Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expiration term		7 years
Unvested RSUs
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period		4 years
Forfeited (in shares) \| shares		144,000
Forfeited (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares		$ 43.52
Performance stock units
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Forfeited (in shares) \| shares		464,000
Forfeited (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares		$ 36.90
Employee Stock \| 2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares available for issuance (in shares) \| shares		3,398,000			3,398,000
Employee subscription rate, maximum		15.00%
Maximum number of shares per employee (in shares) \| shares		3,000
Purchase price of common stock, percent		85.00%
Duration of offering period		24 months
Number of purchases periods \| period		4
Duration of purchase periods		6 months
Shares issued (in shares) \| shares		1,131,000
Weighted-average purchase price per share (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares		$ 14.53			$ 14.53
Cash proceeds from the issuance of common stock		$ 16,400
Accrued compensation		$ 2,100	4,600		$ 2,100
One year anniversary \| Stock options
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting rights, percentage		25.00%
One year anniversary \| Unvested RSUs
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting rights, percentage		25.00%
Scenario, Adjustment \| Performance stock units
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	$ (3,800)
Common Stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting of early exercised stock options			$ 12	1
Common Stock \| 2018 Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares available for issuance (in shares) \| shares		18,688,000			18,688,000
Common Stock \| 2007 Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common stock subject to repurchase (in shares) \| shares		122,000	423,000		122,000
Shares subject to repurchase, value		$ 600	$ 1,600		$ 600
Additional Paid-In Capital
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting of early exercised stock options		$ 983	$ 3,243	$ 3,701

Stock Based Compensation - Schedule of Stock Options (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2018	Jul. 31, 2017
Outstanding Stock Options
Balance (in shares)	16,175
Stock options exercised (in shares)	(6,277)
Stock options canceled, forfeited, expired (in shares)	(1,037)
Balance (in shares)	8,861	16,175
Exercisable and expected to vest (in shares)	3,311	5,499
Weighted-Average Exercise Price
Beginning balance (in dollars per share)	$ 6.20
Stock options exercised (in dollars per share)	4.76
Stock options canceled, forfeited, expired (in dollars per share)	6.77
Ending balance (in dollars per share)	7.16	$ 6.20
Exercisable and expected to vest (in dollars per share)	$ 5.60	$ 3.97
Additional Disclosures
Options outstanding, weighted average remaining contractual term	4 years 7 months 6 days	5 years 1 month 6 days
Exercisable, weighted average remaining contractual term	4 years	4 years
Options outstanding, aggregate intrinsic value	$ 683,294	$ 470,860
Options exercised, aggregate intrinsic value	300,859	16,700	$ 4,500
Exercisable and expected to vest, aggregate intrinsic value	$ 260,479	$ 172,317

Stock Based Compensation - Valuation Assumptions (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2018	Jul. 31, 2017
2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected stock price volatility, minimum	44.00%	30.70%
Expected stock price volatility, maximum	61.90%	53.20%
Risk-free interest rate, minimum	1.90%	2.00%
Risk-free interest rate, maximum	2.70%	2.60%
Dividend rate	0.00%	0.00%
Minimum \| 2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected term (in years)	6 months	6 months
Maximum \| 2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected term (in years)	2 years	2 years 3 months 18 days
Stock options
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected term (in years)			4 years 7 months 6 days
Expected stock price volatility, minimum		40.30%	41.40%
Expected stock price volatility, maximum		42.30%	43.30%
Risk-free interest rate, minimum		1.70%	1.10%
Risk-free interest rate, maximum		2.80%	2.00%
Dividend rate		0.00%	0.00%
Stock options \| Minimum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected term (in years)		4 years 7 months 6 days
Stock options \| Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected term (in years)		5 years 1 month 6 days

Stock Based Compensation - RSU Activity (Details) - RSUs - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2018
RSUs Outstanding
Balance (in shares)	209
Stock options granted (in shares)	4,176
Vested (in shares)	(89)
Canceled or forfeited (in shares)	(144)
Balance (in shares)	4,152
Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value per Share
Balance (in dollars per share)	$ 48.51	$ 26.26
Granted (in dollars per share)	49.13
Vested (in dollars per share)	33.52
Canceled or forfeited (in dollars per share)	$ 43.52
Additional Disclosures [Abstract]
Aggregate Intrinsic Value	$ 349,872	$ 7,394
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, vested	$ 6,608

Stock Based Compensation - Schedule of Unvested PSUs (Details) shares in Thousands	Jul. 31, 2019 shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Underlying shares (in shares)	764
Fiscal 2020
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Underlying shares (in shares)	464
Fiscal 2021
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Underlying shares (in shares)	150
Fiscal 2022
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Underlying shares (in shares)	150

Stock Based Compensation - Stock-based Compensation Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2018	Jul. 31, 2017
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total	$ 46,423	$ 11,224	$ 9,919
Cost of revenue
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total	2,926	757	348
Sales and marketing
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total	23,118	5,044	2,794
Research and development
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total	15,090	3,045	5,574
General and administrative
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total	$ 5,289	$ 2,378	$ 1,203

Income Taxes - Schedule of Income before Income Tax (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2018	Jul. 31, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Domestic	$ (34,145)	$ (36,455)	$ (36,874)
International	6,233	4,146	2,291
Loss before income taxes	$ (27,912)	$ (32,309)	$ (34,583)

Income Taxes - Schedule of Components of Provision of Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2018	Jul. 31, 2017
Current:
Federal	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
State	64	(2)	31
Foreign	2,325	1,480	874
Total current tax expense	2,389	1,478	905
Deferred:
Federal	(1,431)	0	0
State	(107)	0	0
Foreign	(108)	(141)	(28)
Total deferred tax expense	(1,646)	(141)	(28)
Total provision for income taxes	$ 743	$ 1,337	$ 877

Income Taxes - Schedule of Reconciliation of Effective Income Tax Rate (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2018	Jul. 31, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Tax at federal statutory rate	21.00%	21.00%	34.00%
State taxes	0.10%	0.00%	1.50%
Impact of foreign rate differential	(0.90%)	0.30%	(1.70%)
Meals and entertainment	(1.90%)	(1.30%)	(0.50%)
Stock-based compensation	147.20%	(3.80%)	(2.80%)
Impact of U.S. tax reform	0.00%	(58.60%)	0.00%
Provision to return adjustments	1.20%	2.80%	(0.30%)
U.S. tax credits	10.00%	3.70%	0.00%
Change in valuation allowance	(176.90%)	33.50%	(32.40%)
Withholding Tax	(2.40%)	(1.10%)	0.00%
Other	(0.10%)	(0.60%)	(0.30%)
Effective tax rate	(2.70%)	(4.10%)	(2.50%)

Income Taxes - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
Income Taxes - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	Jul. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2018	Jul. 31, 2017
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Income tax benefit	$ (743,000)	$ (1,337,000)	$ (877,000)
Change during the period	58,154,000	(5,915,000)	11,194,000
Unrecognized tax benefits	4,427,000	2,622,000	$ 0
Appsulate, Inc.
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Income tax benefit	1,400,000
Federal Jurisdiction
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforward	360,000,000.0	173,600,000
Operating loss carryforward, subject to expiration	144,400,000
Operating loss carryforward, not subject to expiration	215,600,000
State Jurisdiction
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforward	109,500,000	62,400,000
Operating loss carryforward, subject to expiration	102,600,000
Operating loss carryforward, not subject to expiration	6,900,000
Foreign Tax Authority
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforward	17,700,000	$ 0
Research Tax Credit Carryforward \| Federal Jurisdiction
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Tax credit carryforward	8,400,000
Research Tax Credit Carryforward \| State Jurisdiction
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Tax credit carryforward	$ 6,300,000

Income Taxes - Schedule of Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jul. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2018	Jul. 31, 2017	Jul. 31, 2016
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating losses carryovers	$ 87,413	$ 41,794
Accruals and reserves	1,763	2,863
Deferred revenue	14,752	6,071
Tax credits carryovers	10,330	6,118
Stock-based compensation	6,112	784
Property and equipment	560	303
Other	232	347
Gross deferred tax assets	121,162	58,280
Less: Valuation allowance	(103,732)	(45,578)	$ (51,493)	$ (40,299)
Total deferred tax assets	17,430	12,702
Deferred tax liabilities:
Intangible Assets	(1,178)	0
Deferred contract acquisition costs	(15,906)	(12,561)
Other	(89)	0
Total deferred tax liabilities	(17,173)	(12,561)
Net deferred tax assets	$ 257	$ 141

Income Taxes - Schedule of Valuation Allowance (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2018	Jul. 31, 2017
SEC Schedule, 12-09, Movement in Valuation Allowances and Reserves [Roll Forward]
Balance as of the beginning of the period	$ 45,578	$ 51,493	$ 40,299
Change during the period	58,154	(5,915)	11,194
Balance as of the end of the period	$ 103,732	$ 45,578	$ 51,493

Income Taxes - Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2018
Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Excluding Amounts Pertaining to Examined Tax Returns [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 2,622	$ 0
Gross increase for tax positions of prior fiscal years		1,746
Gross decrease for tax positions of prior years	(288)
Gross increase for tax positions of current year	2,093	876
Ending balance	$ 4,427	$ 2,622

Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders - Narrative (Details)		1 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Conversion ratio	1	1

Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders - Net Loss Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2018	Jul. 31, 2017
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Net loss	$ (28,655)	$ (33,646)	$ (35,460)
Accretion of Series C and D redeemable convertible preferred stock	0	(6,332)	(9,570)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$ (28,655)	$ (39,978)	$ (45,030)
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted (in shares)	123,566	63,881	29,221
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.23)	$ (0.63)	$ (1.54)

- Definition

The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.

+ References + Details

Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders - Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation (Details) - shares shares in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2018	Jul. 31, 2017
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities (in shares)	14,048	18,851	89,447
Convertible preferred stock
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities (in shares)	0	0	72,501
Outstanding stock options
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities (in shares)	8,861	16,175	15,058
Shares subject to repurchase from early exercised stock options
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities (in shares)	122	423	1,888
Share purchase rights under the ESPP
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities (in shares)	913	2,044	0
Unvested RSUs
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities (in shares)	4,152	209	0

Segment and Geographic Information - Narrative (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2019 segment
Risks and Uncertainties [Abstract]
Number of operating segments	1

Segment and Geographic Information - Schedule of Long-lived Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jul. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2018
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Total	$ 41,046	$ 19,765
United States
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Total	28,847	14,742
Rest of the world
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Total	$ 12,199	$ 5,023

Related Party Transactions (Details) $ in Millions	1 Months Ended
Related Party Transactions (Details) $ in Millions	Nov. 30, 2016 USD ($)
Related Party Transactions [Abstract]
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 4.4

Label	Element	Value
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, Noncurrent	us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsNoncurrent	$ 0
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, Noncurrent	us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsNoncurrent	332,000
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, Noncurrent	us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsNoncurrent	568,000
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, Current	us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue	0
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, Current	us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue	236,000
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, Current	us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue	$ 0